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<div class="section" id="inventory-patterns">
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<span id="patterns"></span><h1>Inventory & Patterns<a class="headerlink" href="#inventory-patterns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
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same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in
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Ansible’s inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts.</p>
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<div class="section" id="hosts-and-groups">
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<span id="inventoryformat"></span><h2>Hosts and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#hosts-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The format for /etc/ansible/hosts is an INI format and looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">mail</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">webservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dbservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="n">one</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">two</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">three</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The things in brackets are group names. You don’t have to have them,
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but they are useful.</p>
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<p>If you have hosts that run on non-standard SSH ports you can put the port number
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after the hostname with a colon.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div>four.example.com:5309</div></blockquote>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="selecting-targets">
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<h2>Selecting Targets<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-targets" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>We’ll go over how to use the command line in <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a> section, however, basically it looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m <module_name> -a <arguments></pre>
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</div>
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<p>Such as:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Within <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>, these patterns can be used for even greater purposes.</p>
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<p>Anyway, to use Ansible, you’ll first need to know how to tell Ansible which hosts in your inventory file to talk to.
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This is done by designating particular host names or groups of hosts.</p>
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<p>The following patterns target all hosts in the inventory file:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>all
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*</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Basically ‘all’ is an alias for ‘*’. It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one.example.com
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one.example.com:two.example.com
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192.168.1.50
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192.168.1.*</pre>
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</div>
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<p>The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted
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with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>webservers
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webservers:dbservers</pre>
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</div>
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<p>You can exclude groups as well, for instance, all webservers not in Phoenix:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>webservers:!phoenix</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Individual host names (or IPs), but not groups, can also be referenced using
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wildcards:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>*.example.com
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*.com</pre>
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</div>
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<p>It’s also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one*.com:dbservers</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Easy enough. See <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a> and then <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for how to do things to selected hosts.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="host-variables">
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<h2>Host Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#host-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>It is easy to assign variables to hosts that will be used later in playbooks:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
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host1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
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host2 http_port=303 maxRequestsPerChild=909</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="group-variables">
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<h2>Group Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#group-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Variables can also be applied to an entire group at once:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
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host1
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host2
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[atlanta:vars]
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ntp_server=ntp.atlanta.example.com
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proxy=proxy.atlanta.example.com</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="groups-of-groups-and-group-variables">
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<h2>Groups of Groups, and Group Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#groups-of-groups-and-group-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>It is also possible to make groups of groups and assign
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variables to groups. These variables can be used by /usr/bin/ansible-playbook, but not
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/usr/bin/ansible:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
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host1
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host2
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[raleigh]
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host2
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host3
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[southeast:children]
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atlanta
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raleigh
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[southeast:vars]
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some_server=foo.southeast.example.com
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halon_system_timeout=30
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self_destruct_countdown=60
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escape_pods=2
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[usa:children]
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southeast
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northeast
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southwest
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southeast</pre>
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</div>
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<p>If you need to store lists or hash data, or prefer to keep host and group specific variables
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seperate from the inventory file, see the next section.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="splitting-out-host-and-group-specific-data">
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<h2>Splitting Out Host and Group Specific Data<a class="headerlink" href="#splitting-out-host-and-group-specific-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>In Ansible 0.6 and later, in addition to the storing variables directly in the INI file, host and
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group variables can be stored in individual files relative to the inventory file. These
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variable files are in YAML format.</p>
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<p>Assuming the inventory file path is:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>/etc/ansible/hosts</pre>
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</div>
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<p>If the host is named ‘foosball’, and in groups ‘raleigh’ and ‘webservers’, variables
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in YAML files at the following locations will be made available to the host:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>/etc/ansible/group_vars/raleigh
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/etc/ansible/group_vars/webservers
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/etc/ansible/host_vars/foosball</pre>
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</div>
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<p>For instance, suppose you have hosts grouped by datacenter, and each datacenter
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uses some different servers. The data in the groupfile ‘/etc/ansible/group_vars/raleigh’ for
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the ‘raleigh’ group might look like:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
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ntp_server: acme.example.org
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database_server: storage.example.org</pre>
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</div>
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<p>It is ok if these files do not exist, this is an optional feature.</p>
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<p>Tip: Keeping your inventory file and variables in a git repo (or other version control)
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is an excellent way to track changes to your inventory and host variables.</p>
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<p>Tip: If you ever have two python interpreters on a system, set a variable called ‘ansible_python_interpreter’ to
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the Python interpreter path you would like to use.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="yaml-inventory">
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<h2>YAML Inventory<a class="headerlink" href="#yaml-inventory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
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<p>Ansible’s YAML inventory format is deprecated and will be removed in Ansible 0.7. Ansible 0.6 includes
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a <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/devel/examples/scripts/yaml_to_ini.py">conversion script</a>.</p>
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<p>Usage:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">yaml_to_ini</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ansible</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">hosts</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
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<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
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<dl class="last docutils">
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Examples of basic commands</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Learning ansible’s configuration management language</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
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<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
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<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
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</dl>
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