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<br/>
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<div class="section" id="inventory-patterns">
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<span id="patterns"></span><h1>Inventory & Patterns<a class="headerlink" href="#inventory-patterns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
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same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in
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Ansible’s inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts.</p>
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<div class="section" id="hosts-and-groups">
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<span id="inventoryformat"></span><h2>Hosts and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#hosts-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The format for /etc/ansible/hosts is an INI format and looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">mail</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">webservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dbservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="n">one</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">two</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">three</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The things in brackets are group names. You don’t have to have them,
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but they are useful.</p>
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<p>If you have hosts that run on non-standard SSH ports you can put the port number
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after the hostname with a colon.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div>four.example.com:5309</div></blockquote>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="selecting-targets">
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<h2>Selecting Targets<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-targets" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>We’ll go over how to use the command line in <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a> section, however, basically it looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m <module_name> -a <arguments></pre>
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</div>
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<p>Such as:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Within <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>, these patterns can be used for even greater purposes.</p>
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<p>Anyway, to use Ansible, you’ll first need to know how to tell Ansible which hosts in your inventory file to talk to.
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This is done by designating particular host names or groups of hosts.</p>
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<p>The following patterns target all hosts in the inventory file:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>all
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*</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Basically ‘all’ is an alias for ‘*’. It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one.example.com
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one.example.com:two.example.com
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192.168.1.50
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192.168.1.*</pre>
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</div>
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<p>The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted
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with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>webservers
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webservers:dbservers</pre>
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</div>
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<p>In 0.5 and later, you can exclude groups as well, for instance, all webservers not in Phoenix:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>webservers:!phoenix</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Individual host names (or IPs), but not groups, can also be referenced using
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wildcards:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>*.example.com
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*.com</pre>
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</div>
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<p>It’s also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one*.com:dbservers</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Easy enough. See <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a> and then <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for how to do things to selected hosts.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="host-variables">
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<h2>Host Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#host-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>It is easy to assign variables to hosts that will be used later in playbooks:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
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host1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
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host2 http_port=303 maxRequestsPerChild=909</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="group-variables">
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<h2>Group Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#group-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Variables can also be applied to an entire group at once:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
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host1
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host2
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[atlanta:vars]
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ntp_server=ntp.atlanta.example.com
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proxy=proxy.atlanta.example.com</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="groups-of-groups-and-group-variables">
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<h2>Groups of Groups, and Group Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#groups-of-groups-and-group-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Using Ansible 0.4, it is possible to make groups of groups and assign
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variables to groups. These variables can be used by /usr/bin/ansible-playbook, but not
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/usr/bin/ansible:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
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host1
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host2
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[raleigh]
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host2
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host3
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[southeast:children]
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atlanta
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raleigh
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[southeast:vars]
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some_server=foo.southeast.example.com
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halon_system_timeout=30
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self_destruct_countdown=60
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escape_pods=2
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[usa:children]
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southeast
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northeast
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southwest
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southeast</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="yaml-inventory-format">
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<h2>YAML Inventory Format<a class="headerlink" href="#yaml-inventory-format" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>For that prefer to use it, the inventory file can also be expressed in
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YAML:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
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# some ungrouped hosts, either use the short string form or the "host: " prefix
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- host: jupiter
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- mars
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# variables can be assigned like this...
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- host: saturn
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vars:
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- moon: titan
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# groups can also set variables to all hosts in the group
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# here are a bunch of hosts using a non-standard SSH port
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# and also defining a variable 'ntpserver'
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- group: greek
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hosts:
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- zeus
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- hera
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- poseidon
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vars:
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- ansible_ssh_port: 3000
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- ntp_server: olympus.example.com
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# individual hosts can still set variables inside of groups too
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# so you aren't limited to just group variables and host variables.
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- group: norse
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hosts:
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- host: thor
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vars:
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- hammer: True
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- odin
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- loki
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vars:
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- asdf: 1234</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Tip: If you ever have two python interpreters on a system, set a variable called ‘ansible_python_interpreter’ to
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the Python interpreter path you would like to use. (This is available in version 0.5 and later)</p>
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<p>Tip: Be sure to start your YAML file with the YAML record designator <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">---</span></tt>.</p>
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<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
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<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
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<dl class="last docutils">
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Examples of basic commands</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Learning ansible’s configuration management language</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
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<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
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<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>
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© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.<br/>
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Last updated on Jul 04, 2012.<br/>
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