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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hosts-line">Hosts line</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="playbooks">
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<h1>Playbooks<a class="headerlink" href="#playbooks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
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<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
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<dl class="last docutils">
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLScripts.html"><em>YAML Format</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Learn about YAML syntax</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Learn about available modules and writing your own</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Learn about how to select hosts</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<p>Playbooks are a completely different way to use ansible and are
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particularly awesome.</p>
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<p>They are the basis for a really simple configuration management and
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multi-machine deployment system, unlike any that already exist, and
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one that is very well suited to deploying complex applications.</p>
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<p>While you might run the main /usr/bin/ansible program for ad-hoc
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tasks, playbooks are more likely to be kept in source control and used
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to push out your configuration or assure the configurations of your
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remote systems are in spec.</p>
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<div class="section" id="playbook-example">
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<h2>Playbook Example<a class="headerlink" href="#playbook-example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Playbooks are expressed in YAML format and have a minimum of syntax.
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Each playbook is composed of one or more ‘plays’ in a list. By
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composing a playbook of multiple ‘plays’, it is possible to
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orchestrate multi-machine deployments, running certain steps on all
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machines in the webservers group, then certain steps on the database
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server group, then more commands back on the webservers group, etc:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
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- hosts: webservers
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vars:
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http_port: 80
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max_clients: 200
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user: root
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tasks:
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- include: base.yml somevar=3 othervar=4
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- name: write the apache config file
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action: template src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/httpd.conf
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notify:
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- restart apache
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- name: ensure apache is running
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action: service name=httpd state=started
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handlers:
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- include: handlers.yml</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="hosts-line">
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<h2>Hosts line<a class="headerlink" href="#hosts-line" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The hosts line is a list of one or more groups or host patterns,
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separated by colons, as described in the <a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html#patterns"><em>The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</em></a>
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documentation. This is just like the first parameter to
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<cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="vars-section">
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<h2>Vars section<a class="headerlink" href="#vars-section" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>A list of variables and values that can be used in the plays. These
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can be used in templates or ‘action’ lines and are dereferenced using
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<cite>jinja2</cite> syntax like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>{{ varname }}</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Further, if there are discovered variables about the system (say, if
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facter or ohai were installed) these variables bubble up back into the
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playbook, and can be used on each system just like explicitly set
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variables. Facter variables are prefixed with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">facter_</span></tt> and Ohai
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variables are prefixed with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ohai_</span></tt>. So for instance, if I wanted
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to write the hostname into the /etc/motd file, I could say:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- name: write the motd
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- action: template src=/srv/templates/motd.j2 dest=/etc/motd</pre>
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</div>
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<p>And in /srv/templates/motd.j2:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>You are logged into {{ facter_hostname }}</pre>
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</div>
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<p>But we’re getting ahead of ourselves. Let’s talk about tasks.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="tasks-list">
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<h2>Tasks list<a class="headerlink" href="#tasks-list" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Each play contains a list of tasks. Tasks are executed in order, one
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at a time, against all machines matched by the playbooks host pattern,
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before moving on to the next task.</p>
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<p>Hosts with failed tasks are taken out of the rotation for the entire
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playbook. If things fail, simply correct the playbook file and rerun.</p>
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<p>Modules other than command are idempotent, meaning if you run them
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again, they will make the changes they are told to make to bring the
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system to the desired state.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="task-name-and-action">
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<h2>Task name and action<a class="headerlink" href="#task-name-and-action" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Every task must have a name, which is included in the output from
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running the playbook.</p>
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<p>The action line is the name of an ansible module followed by
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parameters. Usually these are expressed in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key=value</span></tt> form, except
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for the command module, which looks just like a Linux/Unix command
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line. See the module documentation for more info.</p>
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<p>Variables, as mentioned above, can be used in action lines. So if,
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hypothetically, you wanted to make a directory on each system named
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after the hostname ... yeah, that’s I know silly ... you could do it
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like so:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- name: make a directory
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- action: mkdir /tmp/{{ facter_hostname }}</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="notify-statements">
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<h2>Notify statements<a class="headerlink" href="#notify-statements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Nearly all modules are written to be ‘idempotent’ and can signal when
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they have affected a change on the remote system. If a notify
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statement is used, the named handler will be run against each system
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where a change was effected, but NOT on systems where no change
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occurred. This happens after all of the tasks are run. For example,
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if notifying Apache and potentially replacing lots of configuration
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files, you could have Apache restart just once, at the end of a run.
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If you need Apache restarted in the middle of a run, you could just
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make a task for it, no harm done. Notifiers are optional.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="handlers">
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<h2>Handlers<a class="headerlink" href="#handlers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Handlers are lists of tasks, not really any different from regular
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tasks, that are referenced by name. Handlers are what notifiers
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notify. If nothing notifies a handler, it will not run. Regardless
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of how many things notify a handler, it will run only once, after all
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of the tasks complete in a particular play.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="includes">
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<h2>Includes<a class="headerlink" href="#includes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Not all tasks have to be listed directly in the main file. An include
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file can contain a list of tasks (in YAML) as well, optionally passing
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extra variables into the file. Variables passed in can be deferenced
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like this (assume a variable named ‘user’):</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>{{ user }}</pre>
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</div>
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<p>For instance, if deploying multiple wordpress instances, I could
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contain all of my tasks in a wordpress.yml file, and use it like so:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- tasks:
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- include: wordpress.yml user=timmy
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- include: wordpress.yml user=alice
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- include: wordpress.yml user=bob</pre>
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</div>
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<p>In addition to the explicitly passed in parameters, all variables from
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the vars section are also available.</p>
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<p>The format of an included list of tasks or handlers looks just like a
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flat list of tasks. Here is an example of what base.yml might look
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like:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
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- name: no selinux
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action: command /usr/sbin/setenforce 0
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- name: no iptables
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action: service name=iptables state=stopped
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- name: this is just to show variables work here, favcolor={{ favcolor }}
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action: command /bin/true</pre>
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</div>
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<p>As you can see above, variables in include files work just like they
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do in the main file. Including a variable in the name of a task is a
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contrived example, you could also pass them to the action command line
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or use them inside a template file.</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p class="last">Note that include statements are only usable from the top level
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playbook file. At this time, includes can not include other
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includes.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="using-includes-to-assign-classes-of-systems">
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<h2>Using Includes To Assign Classes of Systems<a class="headerlink" href="#using-includes-to-assign-classes-of-systems" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
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<p>Include files are best used to reuse logic between playbooks. You
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could imagine a playbook describing your entire infrastructure like
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this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
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- hosts: atlanta-webservers
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vars:
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datacenter: atlanta
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tasks:
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- include: base.yml
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- include: webservers.yml database=db.atlanta.com
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handlers:
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- include: generic-handlers.yml
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- hosts: atlanta-dbservers
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vars:
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datacenter: atlanta
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tasks:
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- include: base.yml
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- include: dbservers.yml
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handlers:
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- include: generic-handlers.yml</pre>
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</div>
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<p>There is one (or more) play defined for each group of systems, and
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each play maps each group includes one or more ‘class definitions’
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telling the systems what they are supposed to do or be.</p>
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<p>Using a common handlers file could allow one task in ‘webservers’ to
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define ‘restart apache’, and it could be reused between multiple
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plays.</p>
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<p>Variables like ‘database’ above can be used in templates referenced
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from the configuration file to generate machine specific variables.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="asynchronous-actions-and-polling">
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<h2>Asynchronous Actions and Polling<a class="headerlink" href="#asynchronous-actions-and-polling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
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<p>(Information on this feature is pending)</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="executing-a-playbook">
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<h2>Executing A Playbook<a class="headerlink" href="#executing-a-playbook" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
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<p>To run a playbook:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible-playbook playbook.yml</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="container">
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<p class="pull-right"><a href="#">Back to top</a></p>
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<p>
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© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.<br/>
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Last updated on Mar 09, 2012.<br/>
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