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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command">command</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copy">copy</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="ansible-modules">
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<h1>Ansible Modules<a class="headerlink" href="#ansible-modules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Ansible ships with a number of modules (called the ‘module library’)
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that can be executed directly on remote hosts or through <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>.
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Users can also write their own modules. These modules can control system
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resources, like services, packages, or files (anything really), or
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handle executing system commands.</p>
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<p>Let’s review how we execute three different modules from the command line:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=running"
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ansible webservers -m ping
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ansible webservers -m command -a "/sbin/reboot -t now"</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Each module supports taking arguments. Nearly all modules take <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key=value</span></tt>
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arguments, space delimited. Some modules take
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no arguments, and the command/shell modules simply take the string
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of the command you want to run.</p>
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<p>From playbooks, Ansible modules are executed in a very similar way:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- name: reboot the servers
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action: command /sbin/reboot -t now</pre>
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</div>
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<p>All modules technically return JSON format data, though if you are using the
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command line or playbooks, you don’t really need to know much about
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that. If you’re writing your own module, you care, and this means you do
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not have to write modules in any particular language – you get tho choose.</p>
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<p>Most modules other than command are <cite>idempotent</cite>, meaning they will seek
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to avoid changes to the system unless a change needs to be made. When using ansible
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playbooks, these modules can trigger ‘change events’. Unless otherwise
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noted, any given module does support change hooks.</p>
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<p>Let’s see what’s available in the Ansible module library, out of the box:</p>
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<div class="section" id="command">
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<span id="id1"></span><h2>command<a class="headerlink" href="#command" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The command module takes the command name followed by a list of
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arguments, space delimited.</p>
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<p>If you want to run a command through the shell (say you are using
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‘<’, ‘>’, ‘|’, etc), you actually want the ‘shell’ module instead.
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The ‘command’ module is much more secure as it’s not affected by the user’s environment.</p>
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<p>Example usage:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>/sbin/shutdown -t now</pre>
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</div>
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<p>The given command will be executed on all selected nodes. It will not
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be processed through the shell, so variables like “$HOME” and
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operations like “<”, “>”, “|”, and “&” will not work. As such, all
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paths to commands must be fully qualified.</p>
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<p>This module does not support change hooks and returns the return code
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from the program as well as timing information about how long the
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command was running for.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="copy">
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<span id="id2"></span><h2>copy<a class="headerlink" href="#copy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The copy module moves a file on the local box to remote locations. In addition to the options
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listed below, the arguments available to the <cite>file</cite> module can also be passed to the copy
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module.</p>
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<p><em>src</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Local path to a file to copy to the remote server. This can be an
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absolute or relative path.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>dest</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Remote absolute path where the file should end up.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>This module also returns md5sum information about the resultant file.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="facter">
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<span id="id3"></span><h2>facter<a class="headerlink" href="#facter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Runs the discovery program ‘facter’ on the remote system, returning
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JSON data that can be useful for inventory purposes.</p>
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<p>Requires that ‘facter’ and ‘ruby-json’ be installed on the remote end.</p>
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<p>This module is informative only - it takes no parameters & does not
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support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.
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Playbooks do not actually use this module, they use the <a class="reference internal" href="#setup"><em>setup</em></a>
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module behind the scenes.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="file">
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<h2>file<a class="headerlink" href="#file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Sets attributes of files and directories, or removes files/directories. All parameters available
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to the file module are also available when running the <cite>copy</cite> or <cite>template</cite> modules.</p>
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<p><em>dest</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>absolute path to a file on the filesystem.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>state</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>either ‘file’, ‘directory’, or ‘absent’. The default is ‘file’. If ‘directory’, the directory and all immediate subdirectories will be created if they do not exist. If ‘file’, the file will NOT be created if it does not exist, specify <cite>copy</cite> or <cite>template</cite> for the module name instead if you need to put content at the specified location. If ‘absent’, directories will be recursively deleted, and files or symlinks will be unlinked.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>mode</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>the mode the file or directory should be, such as 644, as would be given to <cite>chmod</cite>. English modes like “g+x” are not yet supported.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>owner</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>name of user that should own the file or directory, as would be given to <cite>chown</cite>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>group</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>name of group that should own the file or directory, as would be given to <cite>chgrp</cite></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="git">
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<h2>git<a class="headerlink" href="#git" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Deploys software (or files) from git checkouts.</p>
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<p><em>repo</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>git or http protocol address of the repo to checkout.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>dest</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Where to check it out, an absolute directory path.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>version</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>What version to check out – either the git SHA, the literal string
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HEAD</span></tt>, or a tag name.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="ohai">
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<h2>ohai<a class="headerlink" href="#ohai" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Similar to the <a class="reference internal" href="#facter"><em>facter</em></a> module, this returns JSON inventory data.
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Ohai data is a bit more verbose and nested than facter.</p>
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<p>Requires that ‘ohai’ be installed on the remote end.</p>
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<p>This module is information only - it takes no parameters & does not
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support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.</p>
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<p>Playbooks should not call the ohai module, playbooks call the
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<a class="reference internal" href="#setup"><em>setup</em></a> module behind the scenes instead.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="ping">
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<h2>ping<a class="headerlink" href="#ping" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>A trivial test module, this module always returns the integer <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> on
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successful contact.</p>
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<p>This module does not support change hooks and is informative only - it
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takes no parameters & does not support change hooks, nor does it make
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any changes on the system.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="service">
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<h2>service<a class="headerlink" href="#service" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Controls services on remote machines.</p>
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<p><em>state</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Values are <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">started</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stopped</span></tt>, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">restarted</span></tt>.
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Started/stopped are idempotent actions that will not run commands
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unless necessary. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">restarted</span></tt> will always bounce the service.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>name</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>The name of the service.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="setup">
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<span id="id4"></span><h2>setup<a class="headerlink" href="#setup" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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|
<p>Writes a JSON file containing key/value data, for use in templating.
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Call this once before using the <a class="reference internal" href="#template"><em>template</em></a> module. Playbooks
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will execute this module automatically as the first step in each play
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|
using the variables section, so it is unnecessary to make explicit
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calls to setup within a playbook.</p>
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<p>If facter or ohai are installed, variables from these programs will
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|
also be snapshotted into the JSON file for usage in templating. These
|
|
variables are prefixed with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">facter_</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ohai_</span></tt> so it’s easy to
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tell their source. All variables are then bubbled up to the caller.</p>
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<p><em>anything</em>:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>Any other parameters can be named basically anything, and set a
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key=value</span></tt> pair in the JSON file for use in templating.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="shell">
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|
<span id="id5"></span><h2>shell<a class="headerlink" href="#shell" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The shell module takes the command name followed by a list of
|
|
arguments, space delimited. It is almost exactly like the command module
|
|
but runs the command through the shell rather than directly.</p>
|
|
<p>Example usage:</p>
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|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>find . | grep *.txt</pre>
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</div>
|
|
<p>The given command will be executed on all selected nodes.</p>
|
|
<p>If you want to execute a command securely and predicably, it may
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|
be better to use the ‘command’ module instead. Best practices
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|
when writing playbooks will follow the trend of using ‘command’
|
|
unless ‘shell’ is explicitly required. When running ad-hoc commands,
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|
use your best judgement.</p>
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|
<p>This module does not support change hooks and returns the return code
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|
from the program as well as timing information about how long the
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|
command was running for.</p>
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|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="template">
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|
<span id="id6"></span><h2>template<a class="headerlink" href="#template" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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|
<p>Templates a file out to a remote server. Call the <a class="reference internal" href="#setup"><em>setup</em></a> module
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|
prior to usage if you are not running from a playbook. In addition to the options
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|
listed below, the arguments available to the <cite>file</cite> module can also be passed to the copy
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|
module.</p>
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<p><em>src</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Path of a Jinja2 formatted template on the local server. This can
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|
be a relative or absolute path.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>dest</em>:</p>
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|
<ul class="simple">
|
|
<li>Location to render the template on the remote server.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>This module also returns md5sum information about the resultant file.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="yum">
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|
<span id="id7"></span><h2>yum<a class="headerlink" href="#yum" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Will install, upgrade, remove, and list packages with the yum package manager.</p>
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|
<p><em>pkg</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
|
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<li>A package name or package specifier with version, like name-1.0</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>state</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Can be either ‘installed’, ‘latest’, or ‘removed’</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>list</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>When ‘list’ is supplied instead of ‘state’, the yum module can list
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various configuration attributes. Values include ‘installed’, ‘updates’,
|
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‘available’, ‘repos’, or any package specifier.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="writing-your-own-modules">
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<h2>Writing your own modules<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-your-own-modules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development Guide</em></a>.</p>
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<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
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<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
|
|
<dl class="last docutils">
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|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a></dt>
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|
<dd>Examples of using modules in /usr/bin/ansible</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Examples of using modules with /usr/bin/ansible-playbook</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development Guide</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>How to write your own modules</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="api.html"><em>API & Integrations</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Examples of using modules with the Python API</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p class="pull-right"><a href="#">Back to top</a></p>
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<p>
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© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.<br/>
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Last updated on Mar 18, 2012.<br/>
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