mirror of
https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general.git
synced 2024-09-14 20:13:21 +02:00
391 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
HTML
391 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
HTML
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
|
|
<title>Command Line — Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management & Deployment</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/bootstrap.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/bootstrap-sphinx.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
|
|
URL_ROOT: '',
|
|
VERSION: '0.01',
|
|
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
|
|
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
|
|
HAS_SOURCE: false
|
|
};
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
|
|
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management & Deployment" href="index.html" />
|
|
<link rel="next" title="Ansible Modules" href="modules.html" />
|
|
<link rel="prev" title="Inventory & Patterns" href="patterns.html" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
(function () {
|
|
/**
|
|
* Patch TOC list.
|
|
*
|
|
* Will mutate the underlying span to have a correct ul for nav.
|
|
*
|
|
* @param $span: Span containing nested UL's to mutate.
|
|
* @param minLevel: Starting level for nested lists. (1: global, 2: local).
|
|
*/
|
|
var patchToc = function ($span, minLevel) {
|
|
var $tocList = $("<ul/>").attr('class', "dropdown-menu"),
|
|
findA;
|
|
|
|
// Find all a "internal" tags, traversing recursively.
|
|
findA = function ($elem, level) {
|
|
var level = level || 0,
|
|
$items = $elem.find("> li > a.internal, > ul, > li > ul");
|
|
|
|
// Iterate everything in order.
|
|
$items.each(function (index, item) {
|
|
var $item = $(item),
|
|
tag = item.tagName.toLowerCase(),
|
|
pad = 10 + ((level - minLevel) * 10);
|
|
|
|
if (tag === 'a' && level >= minLevel) {
|
|
// Add to existing padding.
|
|
$item.css('padding-left', pad + "px");
|
|
// Add list element.
|
|
$tocList.append($("<li/>").append($item));
|
|
} else if (tag === 'ul') {
|
|
// Recurse.
|
|
findA($item, level + 1);
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// Start construction and return.
|
|
findA($span);
|
|
|
|
// Wipe out old list and patch in new one.
|
|
return $span.empty("ul").append($tocList);
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
$(document).ready(function () {
|
|
// Patch the global and local TOC's to be bootstrap-compliant.
|
|
patchToc($("span.globaltoc"), 1);
|
|
patchToc($("span.localtoc"), 2);
|
|
|
|
// Activate.
|
|
$('#topbar').dropdown();
|
|
});
|
|
}());
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
|
|
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
|
|
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-29861888-1']);
|
|
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
|
|
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type =
|
|
'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
|
|
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' :
|
|
'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
|
|
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true;
|
|
po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script>(function(d, s, id) {
|
|
var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
|
|
if (d.getElementById(id)) return;
|
|
js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
|
|
js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1";
|
|
fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
|
|
}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<div class="topbar" data-scrollspy="scrollspy" >
|
|
<div class="topbar-inner">
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<!-- <a class="brand" href="index.html">Ansible</a> -->
|
|
<ul class="nav">
|
|
|
|
<li class="dropdown" data-dropdown="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="index.html"
|
|
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
|
|
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory & Patterns</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Command Line</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bestpractices.html">Best Practices</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API & Integrations</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">FAQ</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="who_uses_ansible.html">Who Uses Ansible</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown" data-dropdown="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#"
|
|
class="dropdown-toggle">Page</a>
|
|
<span class="localtoc"><ul>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Command Line</a><ul>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands">Parallelism and Shell Commands</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-transfer-templating">File Transfer & Templating</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-packages">Managing Packages</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#users-and-groups">Users and Groups</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deploying-from-source-control">Deploying From Source Control</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-services">Managing Services</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#time-limited-background-operations">Time Limited Background Operations</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<ul class="nav secondary-nav">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<form class="pull-left" action="search.html" method="get">
|
|
<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a href="http://github.com/ansible/ansible"><img style="position: absolute; right: 0; border: 0;" src="http://ansible.github.com/github.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<a href="http://ansible.github.com"><img src="http://ansible.github.com/ansible-logo.png" alt="Ansible"/></a><br/>
|
|
<br/>
|
|
|
|
<div class="section" id="command-line">
|
|
<h1>Command Line<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
|
<p>The following examples show how to use <cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite> for running ad-hoc tasks.
|
|
Start here.</p>
|
|
<p>For configuration management and deployments, you’ll want to pick up on
|
|
using <cite>/usr/bin/ansible-playbook</cite> – the concepts port over directly.
|
|
(See <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for more information about those)</p>
|
|
<div class="section" id="parallelism-and-shell-commands">
|
|
<h2>Parallelism and Shell Commands<a class="headerlink" href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Let’s use ansible’s command line tool to reboot all web servers in Atlanta, 10 at a time. First, let’s
|
|
set up SSH-agent so it can remember our credentials:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ssh-agent bash
|
|
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>If you don’t want to use ssh-agent and want to instead SSH with a password instead of keys, you can with
|
|
–ask-pass (-k), but it’s much better to just use ssh-agent.</p>
|
|
<p>Now to run the command on all servers in a group, in this case, ‘atlanta’, in 10 parallel forks:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible atlanta -a "/sbin/reboot" -f 10</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>If you want to run commands as a different user than root, it looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible atlanta -a "/usr/bin/foo" -u yourname</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>If you want to run commands through sudo:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible atlanta -a "/usr/bin/foo" -u yourname --sudo [--ask-sudo-pass]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Use –ask-sudo-pass (-K) if you are not using passwordless sudo. This will interactively prompt
|
|
you for the password to use. Use of passwordless sudo makes things easier to automate, but it’s
|
|
not required.</p>
|
|
<p>It is also possible to sudo to a user other than root using –sudo-user (-U):</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible atlanta -a "/usr/bin/foo" -u yourname -U otheruser [--ask-sudo-pass]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ok, so those are basics. If you didn’t read about patterns and groups yet, go back and read <a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>Inventory & Patterns</em></a>.</p>
|
|
<p>The -f 10 in the above specifies the usage of 10 simultaneous processes. Normally commands also take
|
|
a <cite>-m</cite> for module name, but the default module name is ‘command’, so we didn’t need to specify that
|
|
all of the time. We’ll use <cite>-m</cite> in later examples to run some other <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Note that the command module requires absolute paths and does not support shell variables. If we want to
|
|
execute a module using the shell, we can do those things, and also use pipe and redirection operators.
|
|
Read more about the differences on the <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a> page. The shell
|
|
module looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible raleigh -m shell -a 'echo $TERM'</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>When running any command with the ansible “ad hoc” CLI (as opposed to playbooks), pay particular attention
|
|
to shell quoting rules, so the shell doesn’t eat a variable before it gets passed to Ansible. For example,
|
|
using double vs single quotes in the above example would evaluate the variable on the box you were on.</p>
|
|
<p>So far we’ve been demoing simple command execution, but most ansible modules usually do not work like
|
|
simple scripts. They make the remote system look like you state, and run the commands necessary to
|
|
get it there. This is commonly referred to as ‘idempotence’, and is a core design goal of ansible.
|
|
However, we also recognize that running ad-hoc commands is equally important, so Ansible easily supports both.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="file-transfer-templating">
|
|
<h2>File Transfer & Templating<a class="headerlink" href="#file-transfer-templating" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Here’s another use case for the <cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite> command line.</p>
|
|
<p>Ansible can SCP lots of files to multiple machines in parallel, and
|
|
optionally use them as template sources.</p>
|
|
<p>To transfer a file directly to many different servers:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible atlanta -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>To use templating, first run the setup module to put the template
|
|
variables you would like to use on the remote host. Then use the
|
|
template module to write the files using those templates.</p>
|
|
<p>Templates are written in <a class="reference external" href="http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/">Jinja2</a> format.
|
|
Playbooks (covered elsewhere in the
|
|
documentation) will run the setup module for you, making this even
|
|
simpler:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m setup -a "favcolor=red ntp_server=192.168.1.1"
|
|
ansible webservers -m template -a "src=/srv/motd.j2 dest=/etc/motd"
|
|
ansible webservers -m template -a "src=/srv/ntp.j2 dest=/etc/ntp.conf"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ansible variables are used in templates by using the name surrounded by double
|
|
curly-braces. Ansible provides some ‘facts’ about the system being managed
|
|
automatically in playbooks or when the setup module is run manually. If facter or ohai
|
|
were installed on the remote machine, variables
|
|
from those programs can be accessed too, using the appropriate prefix:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>This is an Ansible variable: {{ favcolor }}
|
|
This is an Ansible fact: {{ ansible_hostname }}
|
|
This is a facter fact: {{ facter_hostname }}
|
|
This is an ohai fact: {{ ohai_foo }}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Using the Ansible facts is generally preferred as that way you can avoid a dependency
|
|
on ruby. If you want to use facter instead, you will also need rubygem-json because
|
|
the facter packages may forget this as a dependency.</p>
|
|
<p>The <cite>file</cite> module allows changing ownership and permissions on files. These
|
|
same options can be passed directly to the <cite>copy</cite> or <cite>template</cite> modules as well:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m file -a "dest=/srv/foo/a.txt mode=600"
|
|
ansible webservers -m file -a "dest=/srv/foo/b.txt mode=600 owner=mdehaan group=mdehaan"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The <cite>file</cite> module can also create directories, similar to <cite>mkdir -p</cite>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m file -a "dest=/path/to/c mode=644 owner=mdehaan group=mdehaan state=directory"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>As well as delete directories (recursively) and delete files:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m file -a "dest=/path/to/c state=absent"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The mode, owner, and group arguments can also be used on the copy or template lines.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="managing-packages">
|
|
<h2>Managing Packages<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-packages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>There are modules available for yum and apt. Here are some examples with yum.</p>
|
|
<p>Ensure a package is installed, but don’t update it:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m yum -a "pkg=acme state=installed"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ensure a package is installed to a specific version:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m yum -a "pkg=acme-1.5 state=installed"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ensure a package is at the latest version:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m yum -a "pkg=acme state=latest"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ensure a package is not installed:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m yum -a "pkg=acme state=removed"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Currently Ansible only has modules for managing packages with yum and apt. You can install
|
|
for other packages for now using the command module or (better!) contribute a module
|
|
for other package managers. Stop by the mailing list for info/details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="users-and-groups">
|
|
<h2>Users and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#users-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The user module allows easy creation and manipulation of existing user accounts, as well
|
|
as removal of user accounts that may exist:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible all -m user -a "name=foo password=<crypted password here>"
|
|
|
|
ansible all -m user -a "name=foo state=absent"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a> section for details on all of the available options, including
|
|
how to manipulate groups and group membership.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="deploying-from-source-control">
|
|
<h2>Deploying From Source Control<a class="headerlink" href="#deploying-from-source-control" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Deploy your webapp straight from git:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m git -a "repo=git://foo.example.org/repo.git dest=/srv/myapp version=HEAD"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Since ansible modules can notify change handlers (see
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>) it is possible to tell ansible to run specific tasks
|
|
when the code is updated, such as deploying Perl/Python/PHP/Ruby
|
|
directly from git and then restarting apache.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="managing-services">
|
|
<h2>Managing Services<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Ensure a service is started on all webservers:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=started"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Alternatively, restart a service on all webservers:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ensure a service is stopped:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=stopped"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="time-limited-background-operations">
|
|
<h2>Time Limited Background Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#time-limited-background-operations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Long running operations can be backgrounded, and their status can be
|
|
checked on later. The same job ID is given to the same task on all
|
|
hosts, so you won’t lose track. If you kick hosts and don’t want
|
|
to poll, it looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible all -B 3600 -a "/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>If you do decide you want to check on the job status later, you can:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible all -m async_status -a "jid=123456789"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Polling is built-in and looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible all -B 3600 -P 60 -a "/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The above example says “run for 60 minutes max (60*60=3600), poll for status every 60 seconds”.</p>
|
|
<p>Poll mode is smart so all jobs will be started before polling will begin on any machine.
|
|
Be sure to use a high enough <cite>–forks</cite> value if you want to get all of your jobs started
|
|
very quickly. After the time limit (in seconds) runs out (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-B</span></tt>), the process on
|
|
the remote nodes will be terminated.</p>
|
|
<p>Any module other than <cite>copy</cite> or <cite>template</cite> can be
|
|
backgrounded. Typically you’ll be backgrounding long-running
|
|
shell commands or software upgrades only. <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> also support polling, and have
|
|
a simplified syntax for this.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
|
|
<dl class="last docutils">
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>A list of available modules</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Using ansible for configuration management & deployment</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br/>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<footer class="footer">
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<div id="fb-root"></div>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="ansible.github.com">Share On Twitter</a>
|
|
<script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");</script>
|
|
<g:plusone annotation="inline"></g:plusone>
|
|
<div class="fb-like" data-href="http://ansible.github.com" data-send="true" data-width="450" data-show-faces="false"></div>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.<br/>
|
|
Last updated on Jul 27, 2012.<br/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |