#!/usr/bin/python # James Laska (jlaska@redhat.com) # # GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt) from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function __metaclass__ = type DOCUMENTATION = ''' --- module: redhat_subscription short_description: Manage registration and subscriptions to RHSM using the C(subscription-manager) command description: - Manage registration and subscription to the Red Hat Subscription Management entitlement platform using the C(subscription-manager) command author: "Barnaby Court (@barnabycourt)" notes: - In order to register a system, subscription-manager requires either a username and password, or an activationkey and an Organization ID. - Since 2.5 values for I(server_hostname), I(server_insecure), I(rhsm_baseurl), I(server_proxy_hostname), I(server_proxy_port), I(server_proxy_user) and I(server_proxy_password) are no longer taken from the C(/etc/rhsm/rhsm.conf) config file and default to None. requirements: - subscription-manager options: state: description: - whether to register and subscribe (C(present)), or unregister (C(absent)) a system choices: [ "present", "absent" ] default: "present" username: description: - access.redhat.com or Sat6 username password: description: - access.redhat.com or Sat6 password server_hostname: description: - Specify an alternative Red Hat Subscription Management or Sat6 server server_insecure: description: - Enable or disable https server certificate verification when connecting to C(server_hostname) rhsm_baseurl: description: - Specify CDN baseurl rhsm_repo_ca_cert: description: - Specify an alternative location for a CA certificate for CDN server_proxy_hostname: description: - Specify a HTTP proxy hostname server_proxy_port: description: - Specify a HTTP proxy port server_proxy_user: description: - Specify a user for HTTP proxy with basic authentication server_proxy_password: description: - Specify a password for HTTP proxy with basic authentication auto_attach: description: - Upon successful registration, auto-consume available subscriptions - Added in favor of deprecated autosubscribe in 2.5. type: bool default: 'no' aliases: [autosubscribe] activationkey: description: - supply an activation key for use with registration org_id: description: - Organization ID to use in conjunction with activationkey environment: description: - Register with a specific environment in the destination org. Used with Red Hat Satellite 6.x or Katello pool: description: - | Specify a subscription pool name to consume. Regular expressions accepted. Use I(pool_ids) instead if possible, as it is much faster. Mutually exclusive with I(pool_ids). default: '^$' pool_ids: description: - | Specify subscription pool IDs to consume. Prefer over I(pool) when possible as it is much faster. A pool ID may be specified as a C(string) - just the pool ID (ex. C(0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef)), or as a C(dict) with the pool ID as the key, and a quantity as the value (ex. C(0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef: 2). If the quantity is provided, it is used to consume multiple entitlements from a pool (the pool must support this). Mutually exclusive with I(pool). default: [] consumer_type: description: - The type of unit to register, defaults to system consumer_name: description: - Name of the system to register, defaults to the hostname consumer_id: description: - | References an existing consumer ID to resume using a previous registration for this system. If the system's identity certificate is lost or corrupted, this option allows it to resume using its previous identity and subscriptions. The default is to not specify a consumer ID so a new ID is created. force_register: description: - Register the system even if it is already registered type: bool default: 'no' release: description: - Set a release version syspurpose: description: - Set syspurpose attributes in file C(/etc/rhsm/syspurpose/syspurpose.json) and synchronize these attributes with RHSM server. Syspurpose attributes help attach the most appropriate subscriptions to the system automatically. When C(syspurpose.json) file already contains some attributes, then new attributes overwrite existing attributes. When some attribute is not listed in the new list of attributes, the existing attribute will be removed from C(syspurpose.json) file. Unknown attributes are ignored. type: dict default: {} suboptions: usage: description: Syspurpose attribute usage role: description: Syspurpose attribute role service_level_agreement: description: Syspurpose attribute service_level_agreement addons: description: Syspurpose attribute addons type: list sync: description: - When this option is true, then syspurpose attributes are synchronized with RHSM server immediately. When this option is false, then syspurpose attributes will be synchronized with RHSM server by rhsmcertd daemon. type: bool default: False ''' EXAMPLES = ''' - name: Register as user (joe_user) with password (somepass) and auto-subscribe to available content. redhat_subscription: state: present username: joe_user password: somepass auto_attach: true - name: Same as above but subscribe to a specific pool by ID. redhat_subscription: state: present username: joe_user password: somepass pool_ids: 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef - name: Register and subscribe to multiple pools. redhat_subscription: state: present username: joe_user password: somepass pool_ids: - 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef - 1123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef - name: Same as above but consume multiple entitlements. redhat_subscription: state: present username: joe_user password: somepass pool_ids: - 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef: 2 - 1123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef: 4 - name: Register and pull existing system data. redhat_subscription: state: present username: joe_user password: somepass consumer_id: xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx - name: Register with activationkey and consume subscriptions matching Red Hat Enterprise Server or Red Hat Virtualization redhat_subscription: state: present activationkey: 1-222333444 org_id: 222333444 pool: '^(Red Hat Enterprise Server|Red Hat Virtualization)$' - name: Update the consumed subscriptions from the previous example (remove Red Hat Virtualization subscription) redhat_subscription: state: present activationkey: 1-222333444 org_id: 222333444 pool: '^Red Hat Enterprise Server$' - name: Register as user credentials into given environment (against Red Hat Satellite 6.x), and auto-subscribe. redhat_subscription: state: present username: joe_user password: somepass environment: Library auto_attach: true - name: Register as user (joe_user) with password (somepass) and a specific release redhat_subscription: state: present username: joe_user password: somepass release: 7.4 - name: Register as user (joe_user) with password (somepass), set syspurpose attributes and synchronize them with server redhat_subscription: state: present username: joe_user password: somepass auto_attach: true syspurpose: usage: "Production" role: "Red Hat Enterprise Server" service_level_agreement: "Premium" addons: - addon1 - addon2 sync: true ''' RETURN = ''' subscribed_pool_ids: description: List of pool IDs to which system is now subscribed returned: success type: complex sample: { "8a85f9815ab905d3015ab928c7005de4": "1" } ''' from os.path import isfile from os import unlink import re import shutil import tempfile import json from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule from ansible.module_utils._text import to_native from ansible.module_utils.six.moves import configparser SUBMAN_CMD = None class RegistrationBase(object): REDHAT_REPO = "/etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo" def __init__(self, module, username=None, password=None): self.module = module self.username = username self.password = password def configure(self): raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by a sub-class") def enable(self): # Remove any existing redhat.repo if isfile(self.REDHAT_REPO): unlink(self.REDHAT_REPO) def register(self): raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by a sub-class") def unregister(self): raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by a sub-class") def unsubscribe(self): raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by a sub-class") def update_plugin_conf(self, plugin, enabled=True): plugin_conf = '/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/%s.conf' % plugin if isfile(plugin_conf): tmpfd, tmpfile = tempfile.mkstemp() shutil.copy2(plugin_conf, tmpfile) cfg = configparser.ConfigParser() cfg.read([tmpfile]) if enabled: cfg.set('main', 'enabled', '1') else: cfg.set('main', 'enabled', '0') fd = open(tmpfile, 'w+') cfg.write(fd) fd.close() self.module.atomic_move(tmpfile, plugin_conf) def subscribe(self, **kwargs): raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by a sub-class") class Rhsm(RegistrationBase): def __init__(self, module, username=None, password=None): RegistrationBase.__init__(self, module, username, password) self.module = module def enable(self): ''' Enable the system to receive updates from subscription-manager. This involves updating affected yum plugins and removing any conflicting yum repositories. ''' RegistrationBase.enable(self) self.update_plugin_conf('rhnplugin', False) self.update_plugin_conf('subscription-manager', True) def configure(self, **kwargs): ''' Configure the system as directed for registration with RHSM Raises: * Exception - if error occurs while running command ''' args = [SUBMAN_CMD, 'config'] # Pass supplied **kwargs as parameters to subscription-manager. Ignore # non-configuration parameters and replace '_' with '.'. For example, # 'server_hostname' becomes '--server.hostname'. options = [] for k, v in sorted(kwargs.items()): if re.search(r'^(server|rhsm)_', k) and v is not None: options.append('--%s=%s' % (k.replace('_', '.', 1), v)) # When there is nothing to configure, then it is not necessary # to run config command, because it only returns current # content of current configuration file if len(options) == 0: return args.extend(options) self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True) @property def is_registered(self): ''' Determine whether the current system Returns: * Boolean - whether the current system is currently registered to RHSM. ''' args = [SUBMAN_CMD, 'identity'] rc, stdout, stderr = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=False) if rc == 0: return True else: return False def register(self, username, password, auto_attach, activationkey, org_id, consumer_type, consumer_name, consumer_id, force_register, environment, rhsm_baseurl, server_insecure, server_hostname, server_proxy_hostname, server_proxy_port, server_proxy_user, server_proxy_password, release): ''' Register the current system to the provided RHSM or Sat6 server Raises: * Exception - if error occurs while running command ''' args = [SUBMAN_CMD, 'register'] # Generate command arguments if force_register: args.extend(['--force']) if rhsm_baseurl: args.extend(['--baseurl', rhsm_baseurl]) if server_insecure: args.extend(['--insecure']) if server_hostname: args.extend(['--serverurl', server_hostname]) if org_id: args.extend(['--org', org_id]) if server_proxy_hostname and server_proxy_port: args.extend(['--proxy', server_proxy_hostname + ':' + server_proxy_port]) if server_proxy_user: args.extend(['--proxyuser', server_proxy_user]) if server_proxy_password: args.extend(['--proxypassword', server_proxy_password]) if activationkey: args.extend(['--activationkey', activationkey]) else: if auto_attach: args.append('--auto-attach') if username: args.extend(['--username', username]) if password: args.extend(['--password', password]) if consumer_type: args.extend(['--type', consumer_type]) if consumer_name: args.extend(['--name', consumer_name]) if consumer_id: args.extend(['--consumerid', consumer_id]) if environment: args.extend(['--environment', environment]) if release: args.extend(['--release', release]) rc, stderr, stdout = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True, expand_user_and_vars=False) def unsubscribe(self, serials=None): ''' Unsubscribe a system from subscribed channels Args: serials(list or None): list of serials to unsubscribe. If serials is none or an empty list, then all subscribed channels will be removed. Raises: * Exception - if error occurs while running command ''' items = [] if serials is not None and serials: items = ["--serial=%s" % s for s in serials] if serials is None: items = ["--all"] if items: args = [SUBMAN_CMD, 'unsubscribe'] + items rc, stderr, stdout = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True) return serials def unregister(self): ''' Unregister a currently registered system Raises: * Exception - if error occurs while running command ''' args = [SUBMAN_CMD, 'unregister'] rc, stderr, stdout = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True) self.update_plugin_conf('rhnplugin', False) self.update_plugin_conf('subscription-manager', False) def subscribe(self, regexp): ''' Subscribe current system to available pools matching the specified regular expression. It matches regexp against available pool ids first. If any pool ids match, subscribe to those pools and return. If no pool ids match, then match regexp against available pool product names. Note this can still easily match many many pools. Then subscribe to those pools. Since a pool id is a more specific match, we only fallback to matching against names if we didn't match pool ids. Raises: * Exception - if error occurs while running command ''' # See https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues/19466 # subscribe to pools whose pool id matches regexp (and only the pool id) subscribed_pool_ids = self.subscribe_pool(regexp) # If we found any matches, we are done # Don't attempt to match pools by product name if subscribed_pool_ids: return subscribed_pool_ids # We didn't match any pool ids. # Now try subscribing to pools based on product name match # Note: This can match lots of product names. subscribed_by_product_pool_ids = self.subscribe_product(regexp) if subscribed_by_product_pool_ids: return subscribed_by_product_pool_ids # no matches return [] def subscribe_by_pool_ids(self, pool_ids): """ Try to subscribe to the list of pool IDs """ available_pools = RhsmPools(self.module) available_pool_ids = [p.get_pool_id() for p in available_pools] for pool_id, quantity in sorted(pool_ids.items()): if pool_id in available_pool_ids: args = [SUBMAN_CMD, 'attach', '--pool', pool_id] if quantity is not None: args.extend(['--quantity', to_native(quantity)]) rc, stderr, stdout = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True) else: self.module.fail_json(msg='Pool ID: %s not in list of available pools' % pool_id) return pool_ids def subscribe_pool(self, regexp): ''' Subscribe current system to available pools matching the specified regular expression Raises: * Exception - if error occurs while running command ''' # Available pools ready for subscription available_pools = RhsmPools(self.module) subscribed_pool_ids = [] for pool in available_pools.filter_pools(regexp): pool.subscribe() subscribed_pool_ids.append(pool.get_pool_id()) return subscribed_pool_ids def subscribe_product(self, regexp): ''' Subscribe current system to available pools matching the specified regular expression Raises: * Exception - if error occurs while running command ''' # Available pools ready for subscription available_pools = RhsmPools(self.module) subscribed_pool_ids = [] for pool in available_pools.filter_products(regexp): pool.subscribe() subscribed_pool_ids.append(pool.get_pool_id()) return subscribed_pool_ids def update_subscriptions(self, regexp): changed = False consumed_pools = RhsmPools(self.module, consumed=True) pool_ids_to_keep = [p.get_pool_id() for p in consumed_pools.filter_pools(regexp)] pool_ids_to_keep.extend([p.get_pool_id() for p in consumed_pools.filter_products(regexp)]) serials_to_remove = [p.Serial for p in consumed_pools if p.get_pool_id() not in pool_ids_to_keep] serials = self.unsubscribe(serials=serials_to_remove) subscribed_pool_ids = self.subscribe(regexp) if subscribed_pool_ids or serials: changed = True return {'changed': changed, 'subscribed_pool_ids': subscribed_pool_ids, 'unsubscribed_serials': serials} def update_subscriptions_by_pool_ids(self, pool_ids): changed = False consumed_pools = RhsmPools(self.module, consumed=True) existing_pools = {} for p in consumed_pools: existing_pools[p.get_pool_id()] = p.QuantityUsed serials_to_remove = [p.Serial for p in consumed_pools if pool_ids.get(p.get_pool_id(), 0) != p.QuantityUsed] serials = self.unsubscribe(serials=serials_to_remove) missing_pools = {} for pool_id, quantity in sorted(pool_ids.items()): if existing_pools.get(pool_id, 0) != quantity: missing_pools[pool_id] = quantity self.subscribe_by_pool_ids(missing_pools) if missing_pools or serials: changed = True return {'changed': changed, 'subscribed_pool_ids': missing_pools.keys(), 'unsubscribed_serials': serials} def sync_syspurpose(self): """ Try to synchronize syspurpose attributes with server """ args = [SUBMAN_CMD, 'status'] rc, stdout, stderr = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=False) class RhsmPool(object): ''' Convenience class for housing subscription information ''' def __init__(self, module, **kwargs): self.module = module for k, v in kwargs.items(): setattr(self, k, v) def __str__(self): return str(self.__getattribute__('_name')) def get_pool_id(self): return getattr(self, 'PoolId', getattr(self, 'PoolID')) def subscribe(self): args = "subscription-manager attach --pool %s" % self.get_pool_id() rc, stdout, stderr = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True) if rc == 0: return True else: return False class RhsmPools(object): """ This class is used for manipulating pools subscriptions with RHSM """ def __init__(self, module, consumed=False): self.module = module self.products = self._load_product_list(consumed) def __iter__(self): return self.products.__iter__() def _load_product_list(self, consumed=False): """ Loads list of all available or consumed pools for system in data structure Args: consumed(bool): if True list consumed pools, else list available pools (default False) """ args = "subscription-manager list" if consumed: args += " --consumed" else: args += " --available" lang_env = dict(LANG='C', LC_ALL='C', LC_MESSAGES='C') rc, stdout, stderr = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True, environ_update=lang_env) products = [] for line in stdout.split('\n'): # Remove leading+trailing whitespace line = line.strip() # An empty line implies the end of a output group if len(line) == 0: continue # If a colon ':' is found, parse elif ':' in line: (key, value) = line.split(':', 1) key = key.strip().replace(" ", "") # To unify value = value.strip() if key in ['ProductName', 'SubscriptionName']: # Remember the name for later processing products.append(RhsmPool(self.module, _name=value, key=value)) elif products: # Associate value with most recently recorded product products[-1].__setattr__(key, value) # FIXME - log some warning? # else: # warnings.warn("Unhandled subscription key/value: %s/%s" % (key,value)) return products def filter_pools(self, regexp='^$'): ''' Return a list of RhsmPools whose pool id matches the provided regular expression ''' r = re.compile(regexp) for product in self.products: if r.search(product.get_pool_id()): yield product def filter_products(self, regexp='^$'): ''' Return a list of RhsmPools whose product name matches the provided regular expression ''' r = re.compile(regexp) for product in self.products: if r.search(product._name): yield product class SysPurpose(object): """ This class is used for reading and writing to syspurpose.json file """ SYSPURPOSE_FILE_PATH = "/etc/rhsm/syspurpose/syspurpose.json" ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES = ['role', 'usage', 'service_level_agreement', 'addons'] def __init__(self, path=None): """ Initialize class used for reading syspurpose json file """ self.path = path or self.SYSPURPOSE_FILE_PATH def update_syspurpose(self, new_syspurpose): """ Try to update current syspurpose with new attributes from new_syspurpose """ syspurpose = {} syspurpose_changed = False for key, value in new_syspurpose.items(): if key in self.ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES: if value is not None: syspurpose[key] = value elif key == 'sync': pass else: raise KeyError("Attribute: %s not in list of allowed attributes: %s" % (key, self.ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES)) current_syspurpose = self._read_syspurpose() if current_syspurpose != syspurpose: syspurpose_changed = True # Update current syspurpose with new values current_syspurpose.update(syspurpose) # When some key is not listed in new syspurpose, then delete it from current syspurpose # and ignore custom attributes created by user (e.g. "foo": "bar") for key in list(current_syspurpose): if key in self.ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES and key not in syspurpose: del current_syspurpose[key] self._write_syspurpose(current_syspurpose) return syspurpose_changed def _write_syspurpose(self, new_syspurpose): """ This function tries to update current new_syspurpose attributes to json file. """ with open(self.path, "w") as fp: fp.write(json.dumps(new_syspurpose, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True)) def _read_syspurpose(self): """ Read current syspurpuse from json file. """ current_syspurpose = {} try: with open(self.path, "r") as fp: content = fp.read() except IOError: pass else: current_syspurpose = json.loads(content) return current_syspurpose def main(): # Load RHSM configuration from file rhsm = Rhsm(None) # Note: the default values for parameters are: # 'type': 'str', 'default': None, 'required': False # So there is no need to repeat these values for each parameter. module = AnsibleModule( argument_spec={ 'state': {'default': 'present', 'choices': ['present', 'absent']}, 'username': {}, 'password': {'no_log': True}, 'server_hostname': {}, 'server_insecure': {}, 'rhsm_baseurl': {}, 'rhsm_repo_ca_cert': {}, 'auto_attach': {'aliases': ['autosubscribe'], 'type': 'bool'}, 'activationkey': {'no_log': True}, 'org_id': {}, 'environment': {}, 'pool': {'default': '^$'}, 'pool_ids': {'default': [], 'type': 'list'}, 'consumer_type': {}, 'consumer_name': {}, 'consumer_id': {}, 'force_register': {'default': False, 'type': 'bool'}, 'server_proxy_hostname': {}, 'server_proxy_port': {}, 'server_proxy_user': {}, 'server_proxy_password': {'no_log': True}, 'release': {}, 'syspurpose': { 'type': 'dict', 'options': { 'role': {}, 'usage': {}, 'service_level_agreement': {}, 'addons': {'type': 'list'}, 'sync': {'type': 'bool', 'default': False} } } }, required_together=[['username', 'password'], ['server_proxy_hostname', 'server_proxy_port'], ['server_proxy_user', 'server_proxy_password']], mutually_exclusive=[['activationkey', 'username'], ['activationkey', 'consumer_id'], ['activationkey', 'environment'], ['activationkey', 'autosubscribe'], ['force', 'consumer_id'], ['pool', 'pool_ids']], required_if=[['state', 'present', ['username', 'activationkey'], True]], ) rhsm.module = module state = module.params['state'] username = module.params['username'] password = module.params['password'] server_hostname = module.params['server_hostname'] server_insecure = module.params['server_insecure'] rhsm_baseurl = module.params['rhsm_baseurl'] rhsm_repo_ca_cert = module.params['rhsm_repo_ca_cert'] auto_attach = module.params['auto_attach'] activationkey = module.params['activationkey'] org_id = module.params['org_id'] if activationkey and not org_id: module.fail_json(msg='org_id is required when using activationkey') environment = module.params['environment'] pool = module.params['pool'] pool_ids = {} for value in module.params['pool_ids']: if isinstance(value, dict): if len(value) != 1: module.fail_json(msg='Unable to parse pool_ids option.') pool_id, quantity = list(value.items())[0] else: pool_id, quantity = value, None pool_ids[pool_id] = quantity consumer_type = module.params["consumer_type"] consumer_name = module.params["consumer_name"] consumer_id = module.params["consumer_id"] force_register = module.params["force_register"] server_proxy_hostname = module.params['server_proxy_hostname'] server_proxy_port = module.params['server_proxy_port'] server_proxy_user = module.params['server_proxy_user'] server_proxy_password = module.params['server_proxy_password'] release = module.params['release'] syspurpose = module.params['syspurpose'] global SUBMAN_CMD SUBMAN_CMD = module.get_bin_path('subscription-manager', True) syspurpose_changed = False if syspurpose is not None: try: syspurpose_changed = SysPurpose().update_syspurpose(syspurpose) except Exception as err: module.fail_json(msg="Failed to update syspurpose attributes: %s" % to_native(err)) # Ensure system is registered if state == 'present': # Register system if rhsm.is_registered and not force_register: if syspurpose and 'sync' in syspurpose and syspurpose['sync'] is True: try: rhsm.sync_syspurpose() except Exception as e: module.fail_json(msg="Failed to synchronize syspurpose attributes: %s" % to_native(e)) if pool != '^$' or pool_ids: try: if pool_ids: result = rhsm.update_subscriptions_by_pool_ids(pool_ids) else: result = rhsm.update_subscriptions(pool) except Exception as e: module.fail_json(msg="Failed to update subscriptions for '%s': %s" % (server_hostname, to_native(e))) else: module.exit_json(**result) else: if syspurpose_changed is True: module.exit_json(changed=True, msg="Syspurpose attributes changed.") else: module.exit_json(changed=False, msg="System already registered.") else: try: rhsm.enable() rhsm.configure(**module.params) rhsm.register(username, password, auto_attach, activationkey, org_id, consumer_type, consumer_name, consumer_id, force_register, environment, rhsm_baseurl, server_insecure, server_hostname, server_proxy_hostname, server_proxy_port, server_proxy_user, server_proxy_password, release) if syspurpose and 'sync' in syspurpose and syspurpose['sync'] is True: rhsm.sync_syspurpose() if pool_ids: subscribed_pool_ids = rhsm.subscribe_by_pool_ids(pool_ids) elif pool != '^$': subscribed_pool_ids = rhsm.subscribe(pool) else: subscribed_pool_ids = [] except Exception as e: module.fail_json(msg="Failed to register with '%s': %s" % (server_hostname, to_native(e))) else: module.exit_json(changed=True, msg="System successfully registered to '%s'." % server_hostname, subscribed_pool_ids=subscribed_pool_ids) # Ensure system is *not* registered if state == 'absent': if not rhsm.is_registered: module.exit_json(changed=False, msg="System already unregistered.") else: try: rhsm.unsubscribe() rhsm.unregister() except Exception as e: module.fail_json(msg="Failed to unregister: %s" % to_native(e)) else: module.exit_json(changed=True, msg="System successfully unregistered from %s." % server_hostname) if __name__ == '__main__': main()