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Michael DeHaan
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api.html
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api.html
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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
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<div class="section" id="api-integrations">
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<h1>API & Integrations<a class="headerlink" href="#api-integrations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>There are two major ways to use Ansible from an API perspective. The primary way
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is to use the Ansible python API to control nodes. Ansible is written in it’s own
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is to use the Ansible python API to control nodes. Ansible is written in its own
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API so you have a considerable amount of power there.</p>
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<p>Also covered here, Ansible’s
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list of hosts, groups, and variables assigned to each host can be driven from
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@ -244,8 +244,7 @@ command line tools <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ansible</span>
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in a different system. Frequent examples include LDAP, <a class="reference external" href="http://cobbler.github.com">Cobbler</a>,
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or a piece of expensive enterprisey CMDB software. Ansible easily supports all
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of these options via an external interventory system.</p>
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<p>If you have a data store system where an Ansible external inventory script doesn’t already exist, this may require a little coding,J
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but we have a <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/master/examples/scripts/cobbler_external_inventory.py">Cobbler example</a> in the main source tree – but it’s pretty simple, as we’ll explain below – that would provide a good starting point. Like with modules, it’s possible to build an external inventory script in any language, as long as it returns JSON.</p>
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<p>If you have a data store system where an Ansible external inventory script doesn’t already exist, this may require a little coding, but we have a <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/master/examples/scripts/cobbler_external_inventory.py">Cobbler example</a> in the main source tree – but it’s pretty simple, as we’ll explain below – that would provide a good starting point. Like with modules, it’s possible to build an external inventory script in any language, as long as it returns JSON.</p>
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<p>If you are familiar with Puppet terminology, this concept is basically the same as ‘external nodes’, with the slight difference that it also defines which hosts are managed.</p>
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<div class="section" id="script-conventions">
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<h3>Script Conventions<a class="headerlink" href="#script-conventions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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4
faq.html
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faq.html
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@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ even bash ... just return some output in JSON format. You don’t need to k
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as it can. A system shouldn’t be half correct, especially if we’re planning on configuring
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other systems that depend on that system.</p>
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<p>Ansible also has a VERY short learning curve – but it also has less language constructs and
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does not create it’s own programming language. What constructs Ansible does have should be enough to cover 80% or so of the cases of most Puppet users, and it should scale equally well (not having a server is
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does not create its own programming language. What constructs Ansible does have should be enough to cover 80% or so of the cases of most Puppet users, and it should scale equally well (not having a server is
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almost like cheating).</p>
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<p>I also suspect some Ansible users will actually use Ansible to trigger Puppet – using the git
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module to checkout a Puppet module hierachy from source, and the command module to run
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@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ run multiple commands in seperate forks, thanks to the magic behind
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Python’s multiprocessing module.</p>
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<p>If you need to address 500 machines you can decide if you want to try
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to contact 5 at a time, or 50 at a time.
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It’s up to you and how much power you can throw at it, but it’s heritage
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It’s up to you and how much power you can throw at it, but its heritage
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is about handling those kinds of use cases.</p>
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<p>There are no daemons so it’s entirely up to you. When you are aren’t using
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Ansible, it is not consuming any resources.</p>
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|
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@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ you with questions about Ansible.</p>
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<li>See the presentation on <a class="reference external" href="http://speakerdeck.com/u/mpdehaan/p/ansible">Speakerdeck</a></li>
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<li>Visit the <a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Google Group</a></li>
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<li>Chat on <a class="reference external" href="http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=ansible">FreeNode</a></li>
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<li>View or add to the the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible-contrib">Contrib Repo</a> on Github</li>
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</ul>
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<img src="http://groups.google.com/intl/en/images/logos/groups_logo_sm.gif" height=30 width=140 alt="Google Groups">
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<br/>
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@ -269,6 +270,7 @@ Email: <input type=text name=email> <input type=submit name="sub" val
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#command">command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#copy">copy</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#facter">facter</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#fetch">fetch</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#file">file</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#git">git</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#group">group</a></li>
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@ -298,6 +300,7 @@ Email: <input type=text name=email> <input type=submit name="sub" val
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#running-operations-on-change">Running Operations On Change</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#power-tricks">Power Tricks</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#local-playbooks">Local Playbooks</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data">External Variables And Prompted or Sensitive Data</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#conditional-execution">Conditional Execution</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#conditional-imports">Conditional Imports</a></li>
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@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ chmod +x ansible/hacking/test-module</pre>
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<h2>Reading Input<a class="headerlink" href="#reading-input" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Let’s modify the module to allow setting the current time. We’ll do this by seeing
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if a key value pair in the form <cite>time=<string></cite> is passed in to the module.</p>
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<p>Ansible internally saves arguments to a arguments file. So we must read the file
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<p>Ansible internally saves arguments to an arguments file. So we must read the file
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and parse it. The arguments file is just a string, so any form of arguments are legal.
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Here we’ll do some basic parsing to treat the input as key=value.</p>
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<p>The example usage we are trying to achieve to set the time is:</p>
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66
modules.html
66
modules.html
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@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command">command</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copy">copy</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#facter">facter</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fetch">fetch</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file">file</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#git">git</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#group">group</a></li>
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@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ noted, any given module does support change hooks.</p>
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</ul>
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<p><em>state</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Can be either ‘installed’, ‘removed’, or ‘latest’.</li>
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<li>Can be either ‘installed’, ‘removed’, or ‘latest’. The default is ‘installed’.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Example action from Ansible <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>apt pkg=foo ensure=removed
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@ -270,8 +271,24 @@ support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.
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Playbooks do not actually use this module, they use the <a class="reference internal" href="#setup"><em>setup</em></a>
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module behind the scenes.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="fetch">
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<h2>fetch<a class="headerlink" href="#fetch" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>This module works like ‘copy’, but in reverse. It is used for fetching files
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from remote machines and storing them locally in a file tree, organized by hostname.</p>
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<p><em>src</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>The file on the remote system to fetch. This needs to be a file, not a directory. Recursive fetching may be supported later.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><em>dest</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>A directory to save the file into. For example, if the ‘dest’ directory is ‘/foo’, a src file named ‘/tmp/bar’ on host ‘host.example.com’, would be saved into ‘/foo/host.example.com/bar’.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The fetch module is a useful way to gather log files from remote systems. If you require
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fetching multiple files from remote systems, you may wish to execute a tar command and
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then fetch the tarball.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="file">
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<span id="id5"></span><h2>file<a class="headerlink" href="#file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<h2>file<a class="headerlink" href="#file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Sets attributes of files, symlinks, and directories, or removes files/symlinks/directories.
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All parameters available to the file module are also available when running the <cite>copy</cite> or
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<cite>template</cite> modules.</p>
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@ -309,9 +326,10 @@ file path=/some/path owner=foo group=foo state=directory
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file path=/path/to/delete state=absent
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file src=/file/to/link/to dest=/path/to/symlink owner=foo group=foo state=link</pre>
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</div>
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<p>The file module also supports numerous SELinux attributes (documentation on this pending).</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="git">
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<span id="id6"></span><h2>git<a class="headerlink" href="#git" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<span id="id5"></span><h2>git<a class="headerlink" href="#git" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Deploys software (or files) from git checkouts.</p>
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<p><em>repo</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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|
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@ -331,7 +349,7 @@ file src=/file/to/link/to dest=/path/to/symlink owner=foo group=foo state=link</
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="group">
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<span id="id7"></span><h2>group<a class="headerlink" href="#group" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<span id="id6"></span><h2>group<a class="headerlink" href="#group" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Adds or removes groups.</p>
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<p><em>name</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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@ -351,7 +369,7 @@ file src=/file/to/link/to dest=/path/to/symlink owner=foo group=foo state=link</
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="ohai">
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<span id="id8"></span><h2>ohai<a class="headerlink" href="#ohai" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<span id="id7"></span><h2>ohai<a class="headerlink" href="#ohai" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Similar to the <a class="reference internal" href="#facter"><em>facter</em></a> module, this returns JSON inventory data.
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Ohai data is a bit more verbose and nested than facter.</p>
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<p>Requires that ‘ohai’ be installed on the remote end.</p>
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@ -361,7 +379,7 @@ support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.</p>
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<a class="reference internal" href="#setup"><em>setup</em></a> module behind the scenes instead.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="ping">
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<span id="id9"></span><h2>ping<a class="headerlink" href="#ping" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<span id="id8"></span><h2>ping<a class="headerlink" href="#ping" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>A trivial test module, this module always returns the integer <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> on
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successful contact.</p>
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<p>This module does not support change hooks and is informative only - it
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@ -369,7 +387,7 @@ takes no parameters & does not support change hooks, nor does it make
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any changes on the system.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="service">
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<span id="id10"></span><h2>service<a class="headerlink" href="#service" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
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<span id="id9"></span><h2>service<a class="headerlink" href="#service" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Controls services on remote machines.</p>
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<p><em>state</em>:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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|
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@ -388,7 +406,7 @@ service name=httpd state=restarted</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="setup">
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<span id="id11"></span><h2>setup<a class="headerlink" href="#setup" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<span id="id10"></span><h2>setup<a class="headerlink" href="#setup" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Writes a JSON file containing key/value data, for use in templating.
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Call this once before using the <a class="reference internal" href="#template"><em>template</em></a> module. Playbooks
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will execute this module automatically as the first step in each play
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@ -410,12 +428,12 @@ tell their source. All variables are then bubbled up to the caller.</p>
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ntpserver: 'ntp.example.com'
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xyz: 1234</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Example action from <cite>/usr/bin/Ansible</cite>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>Ansible -m all setup -a "ntpserver=ntp.example.com xyz=1234"</pre>
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<p>Example action from <cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible all -m setup -a "ntpserver=ntp.example.com xyz=1234"</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="shell">
|
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<span id="id12"></span><h2>shell<a class="headerlink" href="#shell" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<span id="id11"></span><h2>shell<a class="headerlink" href="#shell" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>The shell module takes the command name followed by a list of
|
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arguments, space delimited. It is almost exactly like the command module
|
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but runs the command through the shell rather than directly.</p>
|
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@ -433,7 +451,7 @@ command was running for.</p>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="template">
|
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<span id="id13"></span><h2>template<a class="headerlink" href="#template" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<span id="id12"></span><h2>template<a class="headerlink" href="#template" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Templates a file out to a remote server. Call the <a class="reference internal" href="#setup"><em>setup</em></a> module
|
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prior to usage if you are not running from a playbook. In addition to the options
|
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listed below, the arguments available to the <cite>file</cite> module can also be passed to the copy
|
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|
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@ -453,7 +471,7 @@ be a relative or absolute path.</li>
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
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||||
<div class="section" id="user">
|
||||
<span id="id14"></span><h2>user<a class="headerlink" href="#user" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<span id="id13"></span><h2>user<a class="headerlink" href="#user" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Creates user accounts, manipulates existing user accounts, and removes user accounts.</p>
|
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<p><em>name</em>:</p>
|
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<ul class="simple">
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,7 +524,7 @@ user name=mdehaan state=absent force=yes</pre>
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="virt">
|
||||
<span id="id15"></span><h2>virt<a class="headerlink" href="#virt" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<span id="id14"></span><h2>virt<a class="headerlink" href="#virt" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Manages virtual machines supported by libvirt. Requires that libvirt be installed
|
||||
on the managed machine.</p>
|
||||
<p><em>guest</em>:</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -535,15 +553,15 @@ ansible host -m virt -a "guest=foo command=get_xml"
|
|||
ansible host -m virt -a "guest=foo command=autostart"</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Example host (hypervisor) management commands from /usr/bin/ansible:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible host -m virt -a "freemem"
|
||||
ansible host -m virt -a "list_vms"
|
||||
ansible host -m virt -a "info"
|
||||
ansible host -m virt -a "nodeinfo"
|
||||
ansible host -m virt -a "virttype"</pre>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible host -m virt -a "command=freemem"
|
||||
ansible host -m virt -a "command=list_vms"
|
||||
ansible host -m virt -a "command=info"
|
||||
ansible host -m virt -a "command=nodeinfo"
|
||||
ansible host -m virt -a "command=virttype"</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="yum">
|
||||
<span id="id16"></span><h2>yum<a class="headerlink" href="#yum" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<span id="id15"></span><h2>yum<a class="headerlink" href="#yum" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Will install, upgrade, remove, and list packages with the yum package manager.</p>
|
||||
<p><em>pkg</em>:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
|
|
@ -551,7 +569,7 @@ ansible host -m virt -a "virttype"</pre>
|
|||
</ul>
|
||||
<p><em>state</em>:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
<li>Can be either ‘installed’, ‘latest’, or ‘removed’</li>
|
||||
<li>Can be either ‘installed’, ‘latest’, or ‘removed’. The default is ‘installed’.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p><em>list</em>:</p>
|
||||
<ul class="simple">
|
||||
|
|
@ -572,14 +590,14 @@ yum pkg=httpd ensure=installed</pre>
|
|||
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
|
||||
<dl class="last docutils">
|
||||
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>Examples of using modules in /usr/bin/Ansible</dd>
|
||||
<dd>Examples of using modules in /usr/bin/ansible</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>Examples of using modules with /usr/bin/Ansible-playbook</dd>
|
||||
<dd>Examples of using modules with /usr/bin/ansible-playbook</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development Guide</em></a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>How to write your own modules</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="api.html"><em>API & Integrations</em></a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>Examples of using modules with the Python API</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/Ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
|
||||
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
|
||||
<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
|
|||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-operations-on-change">Running Operations On Change</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#power-tricks">Power Tricks</a><ul>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#local-playbooks">Local Playbooks</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data">External Variables And Prompted or Sensitive Data</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conditional-execution">Conditional Execution</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conditional-imports">Conditional Imports</a></li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ Each playbook is composed of one or more ‘plays’ in a list.</p>
|
|||
orchestrate multi-machine deployments, running certain steps on all
|
||||
machines in the webservers group, then certain steps on the database
|
||||
server group, then more commands back on the webservers group, etc.</p>
|
||||
<p>For starters, here’s a playbook that contains just one play.:</p>
|
||||
<p>For starters, here’s a playbook that contains just one play:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
||||
- hosts: webservers
|
||||
vars:
|
||||
|
|
@ -355,6 +356,20 @@ won’t need them for much else.</p>
|
|||
<h2>Power Tricks<a class="headerlink" href="#power-tricks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Now that you have the basics down, let’s learn some more advanced
|
||||
things you can do with playbooks.</p>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="local-playbooks">
|
||||
<h3>Local Playbooks<a class="headerlink" href="#local-playbooks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>It may be useful to use a playbook locally, rather than by connecting over SSH. This can be useful
|
||||
for assuring the configuration of a system by putting a playbook on a crontab. This may also be used
|
||||
to run a playbook inside a OS installer, such as an Anaconda kickstart.</p>
|
||||
<p>To run an entire playbook locally, just set the “hosts:” line to “hosts:127.0.0.1” and then run the playbook like so:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>playbook playbook.yml --connection=local</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Alternatively, a local connection can be used in a single playbook play, even if other plays in the playbook
|
||||
use the default remote connection type:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>hosts: 127.0.0.1
|
||||
connection: local</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="section" id="external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data">
|
||||
<h3>External Variables And Prompted or Sensitive Data<a class="headerlink" href="#external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>It’s a great idea to keep your playbooks under source control, but
|
||||
|
|
@ -411,7 +426,7 @@ or it could be something like performing some cleanup steps if a filesystem is g
|
|||
<p>This is easy to do in Ansible, with the <cite>only_if</cite> clause. This clause can be applied to any task,
|
||||
and allows usage of variables from anywhere in ansible, either denoted with <cite>$dollar_sign_syntax</cite> or
|
||||
<cite>{{ braces_syntax }}</cite> and then evaluates them with a Python expression. Don’t panic – it’s actually
|
||||
pretty simple.:</p>
|
||||
pretty simple:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>vars:
|
||||
favcolor: blue
|
||||
is_favcolor_blue: "'$favcolor' == 'blue'"
|
||||
|
|
@ -569,7 +584,7 @@ running operations can go faster. The easiest way to do this is
|
|||
to kick them off all at once and then poll until they are done.</p>
|
||||
<p>You will also want to use asynchronous mode on very long running
|
||||
operations that might be subject to timeout.</p>
|
||||
<p>To launch a task asynchronously, specify it’s maximum runtime
|
||||
<p>To launch a task asynchronously, specify its maximum runtime
|
||||
and how frequently you would like to poll for status. The default
|
||||
poll value is 10 seconds if you do not specify a value for <cite>poll</cite>:</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in a new issue