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[PR #7444/2a7f9f28 backport][stable-7] Improve docsite extra docs (#7453)
Improve docsite extra docs (#7444)
* Improve markup.
* Improve filter and test guides by linking to plugins and using FQCNs more consistently.
* list_merge is an option, not the filter's name.
* Improve filter docs.
(cherry picked from commit 2a7f9f28b9)
Co-authored-by: Felix Fontein <felix@fontein.de>
This commit is contained in:
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12 changed files with 39 additions and 49 deletions
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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Counting elements in a sequence
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The ``community.general.counter`` filter plugin allows you to count (hashable) elements in a sequence. Elements are returned as dictionary keys and their counts are stored as dictionary values.
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The :ansplugin:`community.general.counter filter plugin <community.general.counter#filter>` allows you to count (hashable) elements in a sequence. Elements are returned as dictionary keys and their counts are stored as dictionary values.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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Dictionaries
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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You can use the ``dict_kv`` filter to create a single-entry dictionary with ``value | community.general.dict_kv(key)``:
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You can use the :ansplugin:`community.general.dict_kv filter <community.general.dict_kv#filter>` to create a single-entry dictionary with ``value | community.general.dict_kv(key)``:
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ This produces:
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.. versionadded:: 2.0.0
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If you need to convert a list of key-value pairs to a dictionary, you can use the ``dict`` function. Unfortunately, this function cannot be used with ``map``. For this, the ``community.general.dict`` filter can be used:
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If you need to convert a list of key-value pairs to a dictionary, you can use the ``dict`` function. Unfortunately, this function cannot be used with ``map``. For this, the :ansplugin:`community.general.dict filter <community.general.dict#filter>` can be used:
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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Grouping
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^^^^^^^^
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If you have a list of dictionaries, the Jinja2 ``groupby`` filter allows to group the list by an attribute. This results in a list of ``(grouper, list)`` namedtuples, where ``list`` contains all dictionaries where the selected attribute equals ``grouper``. If you know that for every ``grouper``, there will be a most one entry in that list, you can use the ``community.general.groupby_as_dict`` filter to convert the original list into a dictionary which maps ``grouper`` to the corresponding dictionary.
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If you have a list of dictionaries, the Jinja2 ``groupby`` filter allows to group the list by an attribute. This results in a list of ``(grouper, list)`` namedtuples, where ``list`` contains all dictionaries where the selected attribute equals ``grouper``. If you know that for every ``grouper``, there will be a most one entry in that list, you can use the :ansplugin:`community.general.groupby_as_dict filter <community.general.groupby_as_dict#filter>` to convert the original list into a dictionary which maps ``grouper`` to the corresponding dictionary.
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One example is ``ansible_facts.mounts``, which is a list of dictionaries where each has one ``device`` element to indicate the device which is mounted. Therefore, ``ansible_facts.mounts | community.general.groupby_as_dict('device')`` is a dictionary mapping a device to the mount information:
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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Merging lists of dictionaries
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you have two or more lists of dictionaries and want to combine them into a list of merged dictionaries, where the dictionaries are merged by an attribute, you can use the ``lists_mergeby`` filter.
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If you have two or more lists of dictionaries and want to combine them into a list of merged dictionaries, where the dictionaries are merged by an attribute, you can use the :ansplugin:`community.general.lists_mergeby filter <community.general.lists_mergeby#filter>`.
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.. note:: The output of the examples in this section use the YAML callback plugin. Quoting: "Ansible output that can be quite a bit easier to read than the default JSON formatting." See :ref:`the documentation for the community.general.yaml callback plugin <ansible_collections.community.general.yaml_callback>`.
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@ -76,15 +76,15 @@ This produces the same result as in the previous example:
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name: meh
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The filter also accepts two optional parameters: ``recursive`` and ``list_merge``. These parameters are only supported when used with ansible-base 2.10 or ansible-core, but not with Ansible 2.9. This is available since community.general 4.4.0.
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The filter also accepts two optional parameters: :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:recursive` and :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:list_merge`. This is available since community.general 4.4.0.
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**recursive**
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Is a boolean, default to ``False``. Should the ``community.general.lists_mergeby`` recursively merge nested hashes. Note: It does not depend on the value of the ``hash_behaviour`` setting in ``ansible.cfg``.
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Is a boolean, default to ``false``. Should the :ansplugin:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter` filter recursively merge nested hashes. Note: It does not depend on the value of the ``hash_behaviour`` setting in ``ansible.cfg``.
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**list_merge**
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Is a string, its possible values are ``replace`` (default), ``keep``, ``append``, ``prepend``, ``append_rp`` or ``prepend_rp``. It modifies the behaviour of ``community.general.lists_mergeby`` when the hashes to merge contain arrays/lists.
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Is a string, its possible values are :ansval:`replace` (default), :ansval:`keep`, :ansval:`append`, :ansval:`prepend`, :ansval:`append_rp` or :ansval:`prepend_rp`. It modifies the behaviour of :ansplugin:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter` when the hashes to merge contain arrays/lists.
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The examples below set ``recursive=true`` and display the differences among all six options of ``list_merge``. Functionality of the parameters is exactly the same as in the filter ``combine``. See :ref:`Combining hashes/dictionaries <combine_filter>` to learn details about these options.
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The examples below set :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:recursive=true` and display the differences among all six options of :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:list_merge`. Functionality of the parameters is exactly the same as in the filter :ansplugin:`ansible.builtin.combine#filter`. See :ref:`Combining hashes/dictionaries <combine_filter>` to learn details about these options.
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Let us use the lists below in the following examples
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@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Let us use the lists below in the following examples
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- name: myname02
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param01: [3, 4, 4, {key: value}]
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Example ``list_merge=replace`` (default):
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Example :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:list_merge=replace` (default):
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ This produces:
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- 4
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- key: value
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Example ``list_merge=keep``:
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Example :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:list_merge=keep`:
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ This produces:
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- 2
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- 3
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Example ``list_merge=append``:
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Example :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:list_merge=append`:
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ This produces:
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- 4
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- key: value
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Example ``list_merge=prepend``:
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Example :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:list_merge=prepend`:
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ This produces:
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- 2
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- 3
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Example ``list_merge=append_rp``:
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Example :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:list_merge=append_rp`:
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ This produces:
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- 4
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- key: value
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Example ``list_merge=prepend_rp``:
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Example :ansopt:`community.general.lists_mergeby#filter:list_merge=prepend_rp`:
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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Parsing CSV files
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Ansible offers the :ref:`community.general.read_csv module <ansible_collections.community.general.read_csv_module>` to read CSV files. Sometimes you need to convert strings to CSV files instead. For this, the ``from_csv`` filter exists.
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Ansible offers the :ansplugin:`community.general.read_csv module <community.general.read_csv#module>` to read CSV files. Sometimes you need to convert strings to CSV files instead. For this, the :ansplugin:`community.general.from_csv filter <community.general.from_csv#filter>` exists.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ This produces:
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]
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}
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The ``from_csv`` filter has several keyword arguments to control its behavior:
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The :ansplugin:`community.general.from_csv filter <community.general.from_csv#filter>` has several keyword arguments to control its behavior:
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:dialect: Dialect of the CSV file. Default is ``excel``. Other possible choices are ``excel-tab`` and ``unix``. If one of ``delimiter``, ``skipinitialspace`` or ``strict`` is specified, ``dialect`` is ignored.
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:fieldnames: A set of column names to use. If not provided, the first line of the CSV is assumed to contain the column names.
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Converting to JSON
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`JC <https://pypi.org/project/jc/>`_ is a CLI tool and Python library which allows to interpret output of various CLI programs as JSON. It is also available as a filter in community.general. This filter needs the `jc Python library <https://pypi.org/project/jc/>`_ installed on the controller.
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`JC <https://pypi.org/project/jc/>`_ is a CLI tool and Python library which allows to interpret output of various CLI programs as JSON. It is also available as a filter in community.general, called :ansplugin:`community.general.jc#filter`. This filter needs the `jc Python library <https://pypi.org/project/jc/>`_ installed on the controller.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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Hashids
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^^^^^^^
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`Hashids <https://hashids.org/>`_ allow to convert sequences of integers to short unique string identifiers. This filter needs the `hashids Python library <https://pypi.org/project/hashids/>`_ installed on the controller.
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`Hashids <https://hashids.org/>`_ allow to convert sequences of integers to short unique string identifiers. The :ansplugin:`community.general.hashids_encode#filter` and :ansplugin:`community.general.hashids_decode#filter` filters need the `hashids Python library <https://pypi.org/project/hashids/>`_ installed on the controller.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ The hashids filters accept keyword arguments to allow fine-tuning the hashids ge
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Random MACs
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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You can use the ``random_mac`` filter to complete a partial `MAC address <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address>`_ to a random 6-byte MAC address.
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You can use the :ansplugin:`community.general.random_mac filter <community.general.random_mac#filter>` to complete a partial `MAC address <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address>`_ to a random 6-byte MAC address.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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Paths
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-----
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The ``path_join`` filter has been added in ansible-base 2.10. If you want to use this filter, but also need to support Ansible 2.9, you can use ``community.general``'s ``path_join`` shim, ``community.general.path_join``. This filter redirects to ``path_join`` for ansible-base 2.10 and ansible-core 2.11 or newer, and re-implements the filter for Ansible 2.9.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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# ansible-base 2.10 or newer:
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path: {{ ('/etc', path, 'subdir', file) | path_join }}
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# Also works with Ansible 2.9:
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path: {{ ('/etc', path, 'subdir', file) | community.general.path_join }}
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.. versionadded:: 3.0.0
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The :ansplugin:`ansible.builtin.path_join filter <ansible.builtin.path_join#filter>` has been added in ansible-base 2.10. Community.general 3.0.0 and newer contains an alias ``community.general.path_join`` for this filter that could be used on Ansible 2.9 as well. Since community.general no longer supports Ansible 2.9, this is now a simple redirect to :ansplugin:`ansible.builtin.path_join filter <ansible.builtin.path_join#filter>`.
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Selecting JSON data: JSON queries
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---------------------------------
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To select a single element or a data subset from a complex data structure in JSON format (for example, Ansible facts), use the ``json_query`` filter. The ``json_query`` filter lets you query a complex JSON structure and iterate over it using a loop structure.
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To select a single element or a data subset from a complex data structure in JSON format (for example, Ansible facts), use the :ansplugin:`community.general.json_query filter <community.general.json_query#filter>`. The :ansplugin:`community.general.json_query#filter` filter lets you query a complex JSON structure and iterate over it using a loop structure.
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.. note:: You must manually install the **jmespath** dependency on the Ansible controller before using this filter. This filter is built upon **jmespath**, and you can use the same syntax. For examples, see `jmespath examples <http://jmespath.org/examples.html>`_.
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Working with times
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------------------
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The ``to_time_unit`` filter allows to convert times from a human-readable string to a unit. For example, ``'4h 30min 12second' | community.general.to_time_unit('hour')`` gives the number of hours that correspond to 4 hours, 30 minutes and 12 seconds.
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The :ansplugin:`community.general.to_time_unit filter <community.general.to_time_unit#filter>` allows to convert times from a human-readable string to a unit. For example, ``'4h 30min 12second' | community.general.to_time_unit('hour')`` gives the number of hours that correspond to 4 hours, 30 minutes and 12 seconds.
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There are shorthands to directly convert to various units, like ``to_hours``, ``to_minutes``, ``to_seconds``, and so on. The following table lists all units that can be used:
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There are shorthands to directly convert to various units, like :ansplugin:`community.general.to_hours#filter`, :ansplugin:`community.general.to_minutes#filter`, :ansplugin:`community.general.to_seconds#filter`, and so on. The following table lists all units that can be used:
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.. list-table:: Units
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:widths: 25 25 25 25
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* - Millisecond
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- 1/1000 second
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- ``ms``, ``millisecond``, ``milliseconds``, ``msec``, ``msecs``, ``msecond``, ``mseconds``
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- ``to_milliseconds``
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- :ansplugin:`community.general.to_milliseconds#filter`
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* - Second
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- 1 second
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- ``s``, ``sec``, ``secs``, ``second``, ``seconds``
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- ``to_seconds``
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- :ansplugin:`community.general.to_seconds#filter`
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* - Minute
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- 60 seconds
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- ``m``, ``min``, ``mins``, ``minute``, ``minutes``
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- ``to_minutes``
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- :ansplugin:`community.general.to_minutes#filter`
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* - Hour
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- 60*60 seconds
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- ``h``, ``hour``, ``hours``
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- ``to_hours``
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- :ansplugin:`community.general.to_hours#filter`
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* - Day
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- 24*60*60 seconds
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- ``d``, ``day``, ``days``
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- ``to_days``
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- :ansplugin:`community.general.to_days#filter`
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* - Week
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- 7*24*60*60 seconds
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- ``w``, ``week``, ``weeks``
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- ``to_weeks``
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- :ansplugin:`community.general.to_weeks#filter`
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* - Month
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- 30*24*60*60 seconds
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- ``mo``, ``month``, ``months``
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- ``to_months``
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- :ansplugin:`community.general.to_months#filter`
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* - Year
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- 365*24*60*60 seconds
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- ``y``, ``year``, ``years``
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- ``to_years``
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- :ansplugin:`community.general.to_years#filter`
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Note that months and years are using a simplified representation: a month is 30 days, and a year is 365 days. If you need different definitions of months or years, you can pass them as keyword arguments. For example, if you want a year to be 365.25 days, and a month to be 30.5 days, you can write ``'11months 4' | community.general.to_years(year=365.25, month=30.5)``. These keyword arguments can be specified to ``to_time_unit`` and to all shorthand filters.
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Note that months and years are using a simplified representation: a month is 30 days, and a year is 365 days. If you need different definitions of months or years, you can pass them as keyword arguments. For example, if you want a year to be 365.25 days, and a month to be 30.5 days, you can write ``'11months 4' | community.general.to_years(year=365.25, month=30.5)``. These keyword arguments can be specified to :ansplugin:`community.general.to_time_unit#filter` and to all shorthand filters.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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Working with Unicode
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---------------------
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`Unicode <https://unicode.org/main.html>`_ makes it possible to produce two strings which may be visually equivalent, but are comprised of distinctly different characters/character sequences. To address this ``Unicode`` defines `normalization forms <https://unicode.org/reports/tr15/>`_ which avoid these distinctions by choosing a unique character sequence for a given visual representation.
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`Unicode <https://unicode.org/main.html>`_ makes it possible to produce two strings which may be visually equivalent, but are comprised of distinctly different characters/character sequences. To address this Unicode defines `normalization forms <https://unicode.org/reports/tr15/>`_ which avoid these distinctions by choosing a unique character sequence for a given visual representation.
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You can use the ``community.general.unicode_normalize`` filter to normalize ``Unicode`` strings within your playbooks.
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You can use the :ansplugin:`community.general.unicode_normalize filter <community.general.unicode_normalize#filter>` to normalize Unicode strings within your playbooks.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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"msg": true
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}
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The ``community.general.unicode_normalize`` filter accepts a keyword argument to select the ``Unicode`` form used to normalize the input string.
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The :ansplugin:`community.general.unicode_normalize filter <community.general.unicode_normalize#filter>` accepts a keyword argument :ansopt:`community.general.unicode_normalize#filter:form` to select the Unicode form used to normalize the input string.
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:form: One of ``'NFC'`` (default), ``'NFD'``, ``'NFKC'``, or ``'NFKD'``. See the `Unicode reference <https://unicode.org/reports/tr15/>`_ for more information.
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Working with versions
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---------------------
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If you need to sort a list of version numbers, the Jinja ``sort`` filter is problematic. Since it sorts lexicographically, ``2.10`` will come before ``2.9``. To treat version numbers correctly, you can use the ``version_sort`` filter:
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If you need to sort a list of version numbers, the Jinja ``sort`` filter is problematic. Since it sorts lexicographically, ``2.10`` will come before ``2.9``. To treat version numbers correctly, you can use the :ansplugin:`community.general.version_sort filter <community.general.version_sort#filter>`:
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The :ref:`community.general collection <plugins_in_community.general>` offers cu
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Feature Tests
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-------------
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The ``a_module`` test allows to check whether a given string refers to an existing module or action plugin. This can be useful in roles, which can use this to ensure that required modules are present ahead of time.
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The :ansplugin:`community.general.a_module test <community.general.a_module#test>` allows to check whether a given string refers to an existing module or action plugin. This can be useful in roles, which can use this to ensure that required modules are present ahead of time.
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.. code-block:: yaml+jinja
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