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< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#hosts-and-groups" > Hosts and Groups< / a > < / li >
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< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#groups-of-groups" > Groups of Groups< / a > < / li >
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< div class = "section" id = "the-inventory-file-patterns-and-groups" >
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< span id = "patterns" > < / span > < h1 > The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups< a class = "headerlink" href = "#the-inventory-file-patterns-and-groups" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
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same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in
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Ansible’ s inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts.< / p >
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< div class = "section" id = "hosts-and-groups" >
< span id = "inventoryformat" > < / span > < h2 > Hosts and Groups< a class = "headerlink" href = "#hosts-and-groups" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
< p > The format for /etc/ansible/hosts is an INI format and looks like this:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight-python" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span class = "n" > mail< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > example< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > com< / span >
< span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > webservers< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< span class = "n" > foo< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > example< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > com< / span >
< span class = "n" > bar< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > example< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > com< / span >
< span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > dbservers< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< span class = "n" > one< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > example< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > com< / span >
< span class = "n" > two< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > example< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > com< / span >
< span class = "n" > three< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > example< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > com< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
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< p > The things in brackets are group names. You don’ t have to have them,
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but they are useful.< / p >
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< p > If you have hosts that run on non-standard SSH ports you can put the port number
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after the hostname with a colon.< / p >
< blockquote >
< div > four.example.com:5309< / div > < / blockquote >
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< / div >
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< div class = "section" id = "selecting-targets" >
< h2 > Selecting Targets< a class = "headerlink" href = "#selecting-targets" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > We’ ll go over how to use the command line in < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html" > < em > Command Line Examples< / em > < / a > section, however, basically it looks like this:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > ansible < pattern_goes_here> -m < module_name> -a < arguments> < / pre >
< / div >
< p > Such as:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"< / pre >
< / div >
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< p > Within < a class = "reference internal" href = "playbooks.html" > < em > Playbooks< / em > < / a > , these patterns can be used for even greater purposes.< / p >
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< p > Anyway, to use Ansible, you’ ll first need to know how to tell Ansible which hosts in your inventory file to talk to.
This is done by designating particular host names or groups of hosts.< / p >
< p > The following patterns target all hosts in the inventory file:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > all
*< / pre >
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< / div >
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< p > Basically ‘ all’ is an alias for ‘ *’ . It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > one.example.com
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one.example.com:two.example.com
192.168.1.50
192.168.1.*< / pre >
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< / div >
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< p > The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted
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with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > webservers
webservers:dbservers< / pre >
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< / div >
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< p > Individual host names (or IPs), but not groups, can also be referenced using
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wildcards:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > *.example.com
*.com< / pre >
< / div >
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< p > It’ s also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > one*.com:dbservers< / pre >
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< / div >
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< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "first admonition-title" > Note< / p >
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< p class = "last" > It is not possible to target a host not in the inventory file, unless using playbooks with – override-hosts. More on that later. This is a safety feature.< / p >
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< / div >
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< p > Easy enough. See < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html" > < em > Command Line Examples< / em > < / a > and then < a class = "reference internal" href = "playbooks.html" > < em > Playbooks< / em > < / a > for how to do things to selected hosts.< / p >
< / div >
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< div class = "section" id = "host-variables" >
< h2 > Host Variables< a class = "headerlink" href = "#host-variables" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Using the 0.4 branch of Ansible, it is easy to assign variables to hosts that will be used
later in playbooks:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > [atlanta]
host1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
host2 http_port=303 maxRequestsPerChild=909< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "group-variables" >
< h2 > Group Variables< a class = "headerlink" href = "#group-variables" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Using the 0.4 branch of Ansible, variables can also be applied to an entire group at once:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > [atlanta]
host1
host2
[atlanta:vars]
ntp_server=ntp.atlanta.example.com
proxy=proxy.atlanta.example.com< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "groups-of-groups" >
< h2 > Groups of Groups< a class = "headerlink" href = "#groups-of-groups" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Using the 0.4 branch of Ansible, it is possible to make groups of groups:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > [atlanta]
host1
host2
[raleigh]
host2
host3
[southeast:children]
alpha
beta
[southeast:vars]
some_server=foo.southeast.example.com
[usa:children]
southeast
northeast
southwest
southeast< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
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< div class = "section" id = "yaml-inventory-format" >
< h2 > YAML Inventory Format< a class = "headerlink" href = "#yaml-inventory-format" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > For people using 0.3, or those that prefer to use it, the inventory file can also be expressed in
YAML:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > ---
# some ungrouped hosts, either use the short string form or the "host: " prefix
- host: jupiter
- mars
# variables can be assigned like this...
- host: saturn
vars:
- moon: titan
# groups can also set variables to all hosts in the group
# here are a bunch of hosts using a non-standard SSH port
# and also defining a variable 'ntpserver'
- group: greek
hosts:
- zeus
- hera
- poseidon
vars:
- ansible_ssh_port: 3000
- ntp_server: olympus.example.com
# individual hosts can still set variables inside of groups too
# so you aren't limited to just group variables and host variables.
- group: norse
hosts:
- host: thor
vars:
- hammer: True
- odin
- loki
vars:
- asdf: 1234< / pre >
< / div >
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< p > Tip: Be sure to start your YAML file with the YAML record designator < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > ---< / span > < / tt > .< / p >
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< div class = "admonition-see-also admonition seealso" >
< p class = "first admonition-title" > See also< / p >
< dl class = "last docutils" >
< dt > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html" > < em > Command Line Examples< / em > < / a > < / dt >
< dd > Examples of basic commands< / dd >
< dt > < a class = "reference internal" href = "playbooks.html" > < em > Playbooks< / em > < / a > < / dt >
< dd > Learning ansible’ s configuration management language< / dd >
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< dt > < a class = "reference external" href = "http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project" > Mailing List< / a > < / dt >
< dd > Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups< / dd >
< dt > < a class = "reference external" href = "http://irc.freenode.net" > irc.freenode.net< / a > < / dt >
< dd > #ansible IRC chat channel< / dd >
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© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.< br / >
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Last updated on May 06, 2012.< br / >
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