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< a class = "brand" href = "#" > Ansible< / a >
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< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html" > Downloads & Getting Started< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "patterns.html" > The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html" > Ansible Modules< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "playbooks.html" > Playbooks< / a > < / li >
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< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#" > Introducing Ansible< / a > < ul >
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< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#innovative-multi-node-control" > Innovative Multi-node Control< / a > < / li >
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< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#deployment-and-configuration-unified" > Deployment and Configuration, Unified< / a > < / li >
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< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#architecture" > Architecture< / a > < / li >
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< a class = "reference external image-reference" href = "http://photos.michaeldehaan.net/infrared/h3d850bdf#h3d850bdf" > < img alt = """" src = "http://ansible.github.com/mpd_rings.jpg" style = "width: 300px; height: 225px;" / > < / a >
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< a class = "reference external image-reference" href = "http://photos.michaeldehaan.net/favorites/h2428aca7#h2428aca7" > < img alt = """" src = "http://ansible.github.com/mpd_tunnel.jpg" style = "width: 337px; height: 225px;" / > < / a >
< a class = "reference external image-reference" href = "http://photos.michaeldehaan.net/ncsu/h3b63b68e#h3b63b68e" > < img alt = """" src = "http://ansible.github.com/mpd_tubes.jpg" style = "width: 225px; height: 225px;" / > < / a >
< div class = "section" id = "introducing-ansible" >
< h1 > Introducing Ansible< a class = "headerlink" href = "#introducing-ansible" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Ansible is a radically simple deployment, model-driven configuration management,
and command execution framework. Other tools in this space have been too
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complicated for too long, require too much bootstrapping, and have too
much learning curve. Ansible is dead simple and painless to extend.
For comparison, Puppet and Chef have about 60k lines of code.
Ansible’ s core is a little over 1000 lines.< / p >
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< p > Ansible isn’ t just for idempotent configuration – it’ s also great for ad-hoc
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tasks, quickly firing off commands against nodes. See < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html" > < em > Command Line Examples< / em > < / a > .< / p >
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< div class = "section" id = "innovative-multi-node-control" >
< h2 > Innovative Multi-node Control< a class = "headerlink" href = "#innovative-multi-node-control" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Where Ansible excels though, is expressing complex multi-node
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deployment processes, executing ordered sequences on
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different sets of nodes through < a class = "reference internal" href = "playbooks.html" > < em > Playbooks< / em > < / a > . Playbooks contain one or
more plays, each executed against a different batch of nodes. Think about
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webservers, database servers, and backend servers in a multi-node web environment. A play can address each set of machines in a cycle, ensuring the configurations of the machines were correct and also updating them to the specified
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version of software if required.< / p >
< p > Multi-machine software deployment is poorly solved by most systems management tools – often due to architectural nature of being pull oriented and having complex ordering systems, they cover configuration but fail at deployment when updating tiers of machines in well defined steps. This results in using two (or more) logically distinct tools and having complex overlap between them.< / p >
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< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "deployment-and-configuration-unified" >
< h2 > Deployment and Configuration, Unified< a class = "headerlink" href = "#deployment-and-configuration-unified" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Other deployment (compared to config) oriented frameworks similarly cover deployment well but lack a strongly defined resource model and devolve into glorified remote scripts. Ansible playbooks – having been designed with this problem in mind – are good at both deployment & idempotent configuration, meaning you don’ t have to spread your infrastructure management out between different tools (Puppet+Capistrano, Chef+Fabric, etc), and performing ordered steps between different classes of machines is no problem, yet our modules affect system state only when required – while avoiding the problem of fragile scripting that assumes certain starting
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or ending states.< / p >
< p > Ansible is also unique in other ways. Extending ansible does not require programming in any particular language – you can write < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html" > < em > Ansible Modules< / em > < / a > as idempotent scripts or programs that return simple JSON. Ansible is also pragmatic, so when you need to, it’ s also trivially easy to just execute useful shell commands.< / p >
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< p > Why use Ansible versus other configuration management tools? (Puppet, Chef, etc?) Ansible will have far
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less code, it will be (by extension) more correct, and it will be the
easiest thing to hack on and use you’ ll ever see – regardless of your
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favorite language of choice. Versus other deployment tools? (Capistrano, Fabric?). Ansible playbooks are easier
to use (not being code) and also allows intermixing of idempotent configuration management rules for a higher level
of control. Further, it was designed for deploying multi-node applications from the beginning.< / p >
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< / div >
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< div class = "section" id = "simple-secure-by-default" >
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< h2 > Simple & Secure By Default< a class = "headerlink" href = "#simple-secure-by-default" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Compared with most configuration managememnt tools, Ansible is also much more secure. While most configuration management tools use a daemon, running as root with full access to the system, with its own in-house developed PKI infrastructure, Ansible just uses SSH (and supports sudo as neccesssary). There is no additional attack surface and OpenSSH is one of the most peer reviewed security components out there.
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If a central server containing your playbooks are comprimised, your nodes are not – which is NOT the case
of these other tools, which can, more or less, turn into a botnet. Our security approach is to avoid writing custom
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crypto code altogether, and rely on the most secure part of the Linux/Unix subsystem that your machines are already using. There is no PKI subsystem to maintain, which can be a frequent source of problems, particularly when reinstalling or migrating
hosts.< / p >
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< p > Systems management doesn’ t have to be complicated. Ansible’ s docs will remain short & simple, and the source will be blindingly obvious. We’ ve learned well from “ Infrastructure is Code” . Infrastructure should be easy and powerful to command, but it should not look like code, lest it acquire the disadvantages of a software project – bugs, complexity, and overhead. Infrastructure configurations should be simple, easy to develop, and easy to audit.< / p >
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< / div >
< / div >
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< div class = "section" id = "architecture" >
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< h1 > Architecture< a class = "headerlink" href = "#architecture" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h1 >
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< div align = "center" class = "align-center" > < img alt = ""Architecture Diagram"" class = "align-center" src = "http://ansible.github.com/ansible_arch2.jpg" style = "width: 800px;" / > < / div >
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< / div >
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< div class = "section" id = "features" >
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< h1 > Features< a class = "headerlink" href = "#features" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h1 >
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< ul class = "simple" >
< li > Dead simple setup< / li >
< li > Super fast & parallel by default< / li >
< li > No server or client daemons; use existing SSHd out of the box< / li >
< li > No additional software required on client boxes< / li >
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< li > Can be easily run from a checkout, no installation required< / li >
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< li > Modules are idempotent, but you can also easily use shell commands< / li >
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< li > Modules can be written in ANY language< / li >
< li > Awesome API for creating very powerful distributed scripts< / li >
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< li > Does not have to run remote steps as root< / li >
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< li > Pluggable transports (SSH is just the default)< / li >
< li > Source host info & variables from files or external software< / li >
< li > The easiest config management system to use, ever.< / li >
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< / ul >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "resources" >
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< h1 > Resources< a class = "headerlink" href = "#resources" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Your ideas and contributions are welcome. We’ re also happy to help
you with questions about Ansible.< / p >
< ul class = "simple" >
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< li > Visit the < a class = "reference external" href = "https://github.com/ansible/ansible" > project page< / a > on Github< / li >
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< li > View the < a class = "reference external" href = "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues" > issue tracker< / a > < / li >
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< li > See the presentation on < a class = "reference external" href = "http://speakerdeck.com/u/mpdehaan/p/ansible" > Speakerdeck< / a > < / li >
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< li > Visit the < a class = "reference external" href = "http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project" > Google Group< / a > < / li >
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< li > Chat on < a class = "reference external" href = "http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=ansible" > FreeNode< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< div class = "section" id = "contents" >
< h1 > Contents< a class = "headerlink" href = "#contents" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h1 >
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< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html" > Downloads & Getting Started< / a > < ul >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html#requirements" > Requirements< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html#getting-ansible" > Getting Ansible< / a > < ul >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html#running-from-checkout" > Running From Checkout< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html#make-install" > Make Install< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html#via-rpm" > Via RPM< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html#other-package-distributions" > Other Package Distributions< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html#tagged-releases" > Tagged Releases< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "gettingstarted.html#your-first-commands" > Your first commands< / a > < / li >
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< / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "patterns.html" > The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups< / a > < ul >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "patterns.html#baisc-inventory-file-format" > Baisc Inventory File Format< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "patterns.html#selecting-targets" > Selecting Targets< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "patterns.html#advanced-inventory-file-format" > Advanced Inventory File Format< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html" > Command Line Examples< / a > < ul >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html#parallelism-and-shell-commands" > Parallelism and Shell Commands< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html#file-transfer-templating" > File Transfer & Templating< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html#managing-packages" > Managing Packages< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html#users-and-groups" > Users and Groups< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html#deploying-from-source-control" > Deploying From Source Control< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html#managing-services" > Managing Services< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "examples.html#time-limited-background-operations" > Time Limited Background Operations< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "toctree-l1" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html" > Ansible Modules< / a > < ul >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#apt" > apt< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#command" > command< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#copy" > copy< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#facter" > facter< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#fetch" > fetch< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#file" > file< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#git" > git< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#group" > group< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#ohai" > ohai< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#ping" > ping< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#service" > service< / a > < / li >
< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#setup" > setup< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l2" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "modules.html#shell" > shell< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a class = "reference internal" href = "faq.html#vs-func" > vs Func?< / a > < / li >
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< div class = "section" id = "about-the-author" >
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< h1 > About the Author< a class = "headerlink" href = "#about-the-author" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Ansible was originally developed by < a class = "reference external" href = "http://michaeldehaan.net" > Michael DeHaan< / a > (< a class = "reference external" href = "http://twitter.com/#!/laserllama" > @ laserllama< / a > ), a Raleigh, NC
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based software developer and architect. He created the popular
DevOps program < a class = "reference external" href = "http://cobbler.github.com/" > Cobbler< / a > .
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Cobbler is used to deploy mission critical systems all over the
planet, in industries ranging from massively multiplayer gaming, core
internet infrastructure, finance, chip design, and more. Michael also
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helped co-author < a class = "reference external" href = "http://fedorahosted.org/func/" > Func< / a > , a precursor to Ansible, which is used to
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orchestrate systems in lots of diverse places. He’ s worked on systems
software for IBM, Motorola, Red Hat’ s Emerging Technologies Group,
Puppet Labs, and rPath. Reach Michael by email < a class = "reference external" href = "mailto:michael.dehaan%40gmail.com" > here< / a > .< / p >
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© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.< br / >
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Last updated on Apr 17, 2012.< br / >
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Created using < a href = "http://sphinx.pocoo.org/" > Sphinx< / a > 1.0.8.< br / >
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